Newly translated from the Latin.
The proper names which have olf or ulf are quite German, as:
Rodolphus is corrupted by the Latin, rather means in German "Ralhülf", that is, Rath und Hülfe. For salus or auxilium means "help", "council" consilium.
Lodolphus is corrupted. German it means "Luidhülf" or "Leudhülf". For Lnid 1) with a Dutch or Leud with a Swabian diphthong means people in the plural. It is therefore "Leuthülf", in Greek Alexander.
Landolphus stands for "Landhülf", which is, the lands salvation or a helper of the land.
Gangolfus stands for "Ganghülf", happy help that it goes on. And by changing the words, the same is expressed: "Hülfgang", for which "Wolfgang" is said backwards, as if you said a wolf is going. This mistake comes from the Dutch language, which still today twists the vowels like this: "Huolfgangus", when it wants to say "Hülfgang", which uninformed ears take for "Wolfgang". Because "wolf" is lupus.
Arnulfus stands for "Ehrnhülf", help of honor, a person who can help and promote respectability and virtue. Because be-
1) Incorrect in the original: Imcle. People means in Dutch: Lui.
constantly write and speak the Latin a where the Germans have an e or the diphthong ä, and they leave out the aspirations.
Gandolfus seems to be the same as Gangolfus, in that the g is corrupted by the d.
Ulfarus, that is "helper" or "helper", ^in Latin] Salvator, Auxiliator, ^in Greek^ Alexius, [in Hebrew] Joshua, Jesus, Esdras etc.
Minulfus is without doubt: My help or my salvation. Because "Min" in Saxon means my, therefore "Minhülf".
Astulphus is "Hasthülf", hurried help. "Hast" in Saxon means one who hurries, who is brave, who is fierce.
Agilulfus, which is either "Eilhülf", which means a quick, swift help, almost the same as "Hasthülf", because "Eil" means festinationem, speed, or what is nowadays in use, "Eitelhülf", corrupted "Eitelwolf", as if one said: full and loud help.
"Wolfart" is quite corrupted, instead of "Hülfrat", because it is the transposed name "Rathhülf", which is called Rudolf, as is said above.
Adolphus is very corrupt, and it should be said "Hatthülf". So the Latin call the king of the Longobards ^tbulkus. But Hatto or Hätto is the same as father. So still today the children in Hesse call
*This booklet is written in Latin and was first published without Luther's name in 1537 at Wittenberg under the title: Aliquot nomina propria Germanorum,ad priscam etymologiam restituta per quen- dam antiquitatis studiosum Vitemb. 1537. Already in 1559 an edition appeared in Oberursel (Ursollis), which just like the Wittenberg of 1570 has on the title the indication: Autors Reverenüo v. Martins I-ntkero. Other editions followed: one in Wittenberg in 1611; another in Helmstädt in 1673. In our Walch edition there is the remark in an old hand: "There is also a Wittenbergische Allsgabe of 1554 in small octavo." In 1674, a German edition by AI. Gottfried Wegener, which is included in the Leipzig edition, vol. XXII, appendix, p. 65 and by Walch. In Latin, our writing is printed only in the Altenburg edition, vol. IX, p. 1592, after the Wittenberg edition, which appeared in 1570 with Peter Sech. In the past, Luther's authorship was doubted several times, prompted by a passage in a letter written by Erasmus to Julius Pflug in 1532: Martini Omtfiori vsstri, gnoä ÄÜüis, cks norninidus propriis Oerinanornin porplaoet opnNouinrn. But this utterance is spurious < Köstlin, Maut. Luther (3), vol. II, p. 674 a<I p. 445). Recently it is generally assumed that Luther is the author. Also the preceding writing, the Chronikon, offers some clues for this, e.g. the introduction of Hetta for Otto, Ehrnhülf for Arnulf, Rathülf for Rudolf, Ratwerd for Ruprecht etc. We have retranslated according to the Altenburger.
their fathers Hatto, with the Italian a or the broad and double-sounding e. Thus "Hatthülf" is a helping or saving father. And I believe that the Chatti [Katten], whom we now call Hessians, were called with the old word Hatti, that is fathers, and Hattia their fatherland. So that bishop of Bamberg was called Hatto, and another Otto, which is the same. For Otto has undoubtedly been corrupted by the Latin by omitting the aspiration (as they otherwise almost always do), instead of Hetto or Hatto. Therefore the emperors, the three Ottonians, must be called Hatti. Hatto post Hatto regnavit tertius Hatto. 1)
And it is not surprising that our language is corrupted by ignorant people. Because also we have again, since ignorance prevailed, the Latin language extraordinarily corrupted. I believe that through this very ignorance even the main name of our nation, namely Germania, has been corrupted. For it is probable that the Latin historians were mistaken in the letter H and regarded and read it for G, or also that they did not distinguish it sufficiently by hearing, since a strongly aspirated H reads almost 2) like the letter G. Therefore, I think that our nation was formerly called Hermannia, just as that extremely excellent leader, who defeated the legions of Augustus, is called Arminius 3) by the Welsh in a wrong way, while he is in fact called "Herman", which is still a very common name today. But "Herman" is a man of the army or a leader in war. For "army" is exercitus or war. Hence one says "Heerfart", that is, a warlike enterprise. Hence Hermanni, Hermannia, which means the warrior, the warrior.
The same mistake has occurred also with the name Segestus, which was the father-in-law of Hermann, in that Segestus instead of
1) This would like to be translated in such a way: One Hatto ruled after the other; the third was also called Hatto. Compare "Luthers Chronikon", in this volume Col-. 688 sf.
2) Instead of propinyuao, propinquo will be read.
3) In our original: ^riminiu8, but corrected by us according to the St. Louis edition, vol. V, 715, tz 47.
"Hengst" is set, since the letter 8 was reversed into 8. For the name of a certain Duke of Engern still persists among the Germans, "Duke Hengst zu Engern". "Hengst" however means a riding horse, or a war horse, so that "Hengst" is about the same as a knight or Philippus, namely a horseman. And the bishop of Cologne still calls himself Ducem Angrinorum, "Duke of Engern". The Latin spells it wrong: Angrivariorum. And England (Anglia) is called Engerland (Angria) by these Angris or "Engers". Therefore also England has still largely the Saxon language.
And I leave it to others to consider whether that word Alemannia, too, is corrupted instead of "Ad.elman", Adelmannia, I suppose.
All names which have Breun or Bryn are quite German, as:
Brenno or Brynno, the leader of the Gauls against the Romans. And nowadays the word Brenno or more correctly Bryn, with a Pythagorean y or a Dutch u, is very often in use. Hence "Brunswig" or "Brynswig", that is, the castle of Brennus (as they talk).
Likewise "Brennburg", which today is mispronounced at all courts: "Brandenburg". For the citizens of this city in the Mark even today call this city: "Brennburg", that is, the castle of Brennus, not "Brandenburg".
But it is Brynn or Brenn (as old heroic poems indicate) a helmet, especially the one with a plume or horns. Therefore Brenny is a helmeted one. And "Brennburg" is either the castle of Duke Brenno, or the guard of Brennorum, or of the helmeted and armed to protect the land. And the big beetle, helmeted with red horns and armed with brick-colored wings, is called "Husbrenner" in our region.
"Hiltebrand" stands for "Heltbrenn", that is, a strongman (gygas) and a hero of the Brennen, or a head and leader of them. Nowadays, "captain over the ricey stuff." Because "Helt" means a hero, as it were an Achilles or Hector.
Luitprand, the king of Lombardy. This stands for Lutbrenn, which means a helmet of the people, who protects the people with weapons. For we have said that "Luit, Lyt" or Swabian "people" denotes people in the plural.
Aisbrand, king of the Longobards, is "Husbrenn", that is, the protector of the house, or who protects the house and the family with weapons. "Huis" or "Hus", long spoken, means a house in Saxon.
"Fuchsbrand", that is "Fusbrenn", a soldier on foot, but helmeted, and it seems to be said with reference to "Heltbrenn" that, just as the latter is a helmeted knight, so the latter is a helmeted man-of-war on foot; nowadays: "captain over the foot soldiers" or "Weibel". 1) For "fus", spoken long, means a foot. So you see that "Brenn" is a warlike or military expression.
All names ending in rich are German.
"Friederich", [Latin] Pacificus, [Hebrew] Solomon, [Greekf Irenaeus. Caesar writes Viridorix, Epidorix. This has already become Italian through the Longobards, since the Italians also call a rich man "Ric". But it is "Rick" or "Nich", in Swabian "Reich", dives. So a river which has much fish is called "fischrich", a fertile land "kornrich", one which has much money "geldrich".
Arrigis, king of the Longobards, "Ehrrich", nowadays a quite common name; that is, rich in honor, who is in great honor.
Alaricus, king of the Longobards, whom we now call "Olrich, Ulrich", but more correctly "Alrich", that is, who has abundance of everything, Pantoplusios. "Huldreich" is another name, or rather a name formed from new.
Attalaricus, a king etc., stands for "Hattalrich", that is, a father rich in all things.
Emerich, that is "Jmerrich", always rich, who never lacks. "Hinrich," Julius Caesar calls Vercingetorix, but by the.
1) The last two parts of the preceding sentence are accidentally in reverse order in the original.
Error of the scribe with confused, staggered and reversed letters. For he wanted to write the Saxon "Hertoge Hinric", which means Duke Heinrich. And afterwards the scribes changed the H in V [and c] 2) and shifted "toge" to Hin, and made "geto" out of it. But this word is very well known nowadays, and clearly shows the errors of the old books, for in Saxon he is called "Hertoge Hinric", in Swabian "Herzog Heinrich". "Hertog" or "duke" is the same as dux. This comes from "Heer," which is exercitu, and "zog" or "to pull," which means to lead or go to war. But "Hinric" means as much as -at home or rich at home, or rich in families, the father and regent of many, as if one wanted to say that Abraham in Hebrew means: the father of many, namely families [Gen. 17, 5].
"Dietrich", in Greek he is called Theoderichus, comes from "Deud" or "Düd", with a Pythagorean y or a Dutch u. With this name the Germans seem to have named God. And the historians write it with a T; but the universal language, which still persists with us, testifies that one must say "Deud" or "Düd", although even Caesar always writes T, where he heard a D pronounced from the mouth of the Germans, as will be said later. From this "Deud" we Germans are called "Deudisch", which is "Deudici", but according to Saxon dialect "Düdisch", with a Pythagorean y or a Dutch u. For with all such words one must look to the Saxon dialect, of which formerly all Germany made use. Thus the Germans took their name from GOtt, which they called "Deud" or "Düd", as their descendants called themselves "Gottos" from "God", that is a Deo, which these same Gothen also call "Gut" today, namely the Danes, Swabians etc. But all Germany says "God". Because the Gothen were Germans. But because both "God" and "Good" are spoken long, it happened that the historians call them Gaetas, with a double sound. But "good" means: the good, the good.
2) Added by us: it may have failed in the original due to a typographical error.
And it seems that this name "Düd" came from the Hebrew "Död" [xxx], which means an uncle, a friend, a lover. Thus the old and first fathers of the Germans wanted to call God "Död", a friend, a lover, an Oheim, as the Israelites called him Baal, that is, a lord, a bridegroom, a husband. But even the Greek Theos doesn't sound much different than the word "Deud" or "dudish" if you pronounce it "Teuds" or "Teudsch". And there is no doubt that the Latin Deus comes from the Greek Theos, whether they want to pronounce the The by D soft or hard (Raphessare sive Daggessare). For some make the t soft by th, others by d. Thus there is a great communality (symbolism) between these hard, aspirated and soft letters.
Hence comes the diminutive name "Dödle", which the Welsh call Totila, but among the Germans "Detzel, Ditzel, Dötzel" is quite common. For the Welsh change tz into tt, as from Hesse they make Hattia, the Hessians call them Hatti or Chatti. There is no doubt that the king, who is called Detzel in the common language, is that Tottila. For the Welsh do not write "Dezel", but "Dottel" or Totila. And it is, as he said in jest, but still with truth: The Welsh and the French write differently than they speak, and speak differently than they mean. Thus they speak here with the mouth "Dötzel", and yet they write Tottila. They speak "Etzel" and write Attila. They speak atzio and write actio. They speak lesere, asere, disere and write legere, agere, dicere. But also our Franks call still today "Död" a godfather or spiritual father, who lifted a child from the baptism.
Therefore this "Didrich" or "Dudrich" is so much as rich in GOtt, Divus, Divinus. And in Greek Theios or Eusebius, (Latin) Pius.
The names ending in wick and ich are German, as:
Vitigis is called a king of the Longobards, but his correct name is "Witich". This one is called Divitiacus by Caesar. "Witte" is however in the
Saxon prudence or experience, hence "Wittich" the wise, the experienced, the understanding.
The queen Heddewigis (Hedwig) is more correctly called "Hettowig", the father's refuge. Because "Wick" means with the Saxons a refuge; therefore "Brynswig" or "Brunswig", as is said above. So also "Oswig, Coswig, Herdwig." Thus one says Lodovicus, but not well; in Saxon it is "Lydewig," or "Leutewig" in Swabian, that is, of the people or the people's refuge and comfort. 1) This one Caesar calls Lytavicus, wanting to imitate the Saxon and putting an Italian a instead of e, and u instead of a Dutch. The French call him in a very clumsy way Clodovaeus, in that the letter L is inflated by the throat, and "Wick" transformed into vaeus.
All names ending in walt find German.
"Oswalt", more correctly "Huswalt", the ruler of the house, the head, the steward, who is now called "Hoffmeister" at court. For "Walt" means force, authority or power to govern. Hence comes the word of those who begin something: "Das walt GOtt", that GOtt wants to govern.
"Ehewalt", shortened "Ebald". But it must be said "Hegewalt", who has the power or the office to guard and to erhallen. Because "hegen" means to guard. Hence the name "Heger," 2) which is now erroneously called Hoyer, that is, a preserver, a guardian, Latin Servatius, at court: "chamberlain, rentmaster. Thus one says of a field, a meadow, a grove, which is surrounded with fences, it is "hegt", namely because it is separated from the public use and guarded. And the consistory, the court or the sacred circle (sacer circulus, as Homer speaks) is called "cherished bench, cherished court" etc.
"Sebald", Sebaldus, that is "Seewalt", the first syllable pronounced long, is the antithesis in relation to "Hegwalt", so that "Seewalt" is such a steward, who carries outward, sows, plants, tills, the land,
1) Compare St. Louis edition, vol. V, 715, s 47.
2) Compare St. Louis edition, vol. V, 715, s 47.
the field, the garden cultivated, and the like; "Hegwalt" the one who receives what has been gathered, mown, picked, brings it home, keeps it and protects it. The latter would be called a husbandman (Agricola, in Greek Georgius), the latter an issuer (promum).
"Wilibald", Bilibald, more correctly "Vilewalt", that is, who is superior to many things, governs many things, as it were as the highest or supreme ruler over the others. For "Vel", 1) long spoken, means in Saxon: much. Or it comes from good ((a bonitate), "Wolwalt", who rules well, called so for the sake of the good prefix (as the Germans very often use to do).
"Tipold", Theobaldiis, but it should be "Ditwald", with a Greek Ita: 2) Dit (as above). [Diet] means a house, a possession. "Dietwald" is a superior of a dominion; or "Dentwalt", "Düdwalt", GOttes Gewalt, as above in "Dietrich".
Grymoaldus, a king of the Longobards. "Grimwalt", the power of wrath. Among the ancients it seems to have been a name for the judicial power, which is to exercise wrath against the wrongdoers, as now a judge is, who hands over the one to be punished to the tormentor. For the fact that nowadays one says "judge", "magistrate", is obviously something new, since "judge" actually stands in a good sense, does not express punishment, but as it were promotes and disentangles hindered and confused things. And it is actually an activity of the mind. Hence we say "right," "rightly," as, a right line, a right way, in contrast to a crooked line, a winding way. "To make niece" is therefore to make right. Hence we call "report" to instruct, instruct, instruct a man, to lead out of error: "Dear, report me of this" etc. Therefore, "Grymwalt" is the force of wrath, and the Welsh change the w to o, deceived by the sound of the words.
Adoaldus, a king of the Longobards. The name comes from Otto or Hatto, "Hettwalt", the father's power, in the place of the
1) In our original erroneously: Vsl instead of: Vel.
2) Ita, that is 6ta Luther pronounced the same after Jtacism, as the Modern Greeks do.
Father, a guardian, a protector. And today for the advocates the name "lawyer", patronus, has remained in custom. Whether it is written and read in a corrupt way n instead of tt, that one says now "lawyer" instead of "Hattwalt", I do not know for sure.
Rodoaldus, a king of the Longobards. This comes either from "council", 3) as above Rodol- phus, "Ratwalt", power of the council, power to advise, Rathsherr (consul), or from "save", that is, salvare, deliver. "Rottwald", a redeemer, liberator, savior, as another king of the Longobards is called Rotharis, which is no doubt "savior", that is, liberator, redeemer.
Garibaldus, "Gerwalt", "Garwalt", nowadays: "authority".
All names ending in win, find German.
"Volckwin", "Volggewin", conqueror of nations, in Greek Nicolaus, Nicodemus.
"Baldwin", Balduwinus, who is quick to conquer. Isa. 8, 1.: Raubebald.
Albuinus, Alguinus, Alcuvinus, Alboinus, "Allewin", "Allgewin", who conquers all, a king of the Longobards.
Andonius. If according to the Italian way n is written instead of I, it is the same as Alboinus. For they write Bononia while they speak Bolonga. Otherwise it is "Handwin", which is a victorious hand and the right invincible in war.
"Goswin" seems to be the same as "Huswin", the overcomer of houses, in that instead of H, G is put incorrectly, as it very often happens. But better it is Josquin. This name was made famous by an outstanding musician in Dutch. 4) But Josquin is the diminutive of Jost or Justus. For this is how those people speak to the children in a flattering manner: "Justkin," that is, Justulus, Justinulus. For that some say "Jobst" is a coarse pronunciation of upper Germany. They also call the idol and the idolatrous image, which comes from England, Sanct "Jos".
3) In our prelims: Ratt.
4) Compare Table Talks, Cap. 12, 8 38 and Cap. 13, 8 62, St. Louis Edition, Vol. XXII, Col. 427 and 480.
All names ending in old are German.
Arnoldus, in German "Ernhold", a respectable, who loves respectability and virtue. So today a messenger of the emperor is called "Herold", that is "Ernhold", who seeks and maintains virtue and respectability.
Leupold, this should actually be "Liebhold", as a compound name like "Ratthülf" etc. As if you said, "lieb und hold", liebenswerth und geliebt, [Greek) Erasmus, [Latin] Amandus. For dear is as much as beloved or lovable. "Huld" is the favor with which I love. Hence one says, "holder Bule," 1) that is, dear bride or friend. "He is not dear to me," that is, he does not love me.
"Diepold." Some make Theobaldus out of it, others Hypolitus. But Theobaldus is not valid, in any language, and it is certainly a fiction. If it is Hypolitus, then H can be changed in D, and then the name is not a German one, but a Greek one, as there are many of them in Germany. I hold that it is the same as "Liebold," and that this name is corrupted by an inability to pronounce the L correctly (labdakismo), because all who suffer from labdakism speak a d in the beginning of the syllable [instead of l] and almost also an n, while they nevertheless pronounce the l correctly at the end of the syllable. It is the same with the letter r, that they cannot begin a syllable with r and yet they can pronounce the r at the end well.
All names ending in man, mund are German.
"Herman," said above, which the Welsh corruptly pronounce Arminius, is so much as a leader of the army or a warrior.
"Hartman," a strong man, [Greek] Andrew. For "Hart" means a firm, strong, unconquerable, in a suffering way (passive), who does not give way, but stands firm.
But "Man" is a word that can be used in the German language as often for compounds as any other.
1) In the original: "Holderbule".
in the Greek and Latin languages. Thus one says: "househusband, husband, village man, sword man." And in general, as often as a nomen verbale is lacking, "man" is compounded with the verbum, as:
"Siegeman" 2) (whom one calls quite corruptly Si- gismundus), as if one said: viotor, a victorious man, victorinus. For "victory" is victoria, "to win" means vincere.
Bohemundus, "Wogeman", that is, a bold one, Audentius, who dares to attack a thing vigorously. For it is certainly a mistake of the scribes in Bohe, while they heard "Woge".
Raymundus is said by the very same error for "Rygeman" or "Rugeman", which is Quietus, a quiet, calm man. In Hebrew: Noah; as Numa Pompilius, Solomon were without wars etc.
All names ending in werd are German.
"Albrecht" is certainly "Adelwerd", in a suitable composition, as it were "Eddel und werd", precious and dear, as we call the gems "Eddelstein", that is, delicious stones. "Werd" is theuer and kostbar, and it seems this composition of two words of the same meaning has a special emphasis. "Albrecht, Alprecht" are corrupted names.
Hildebertus, "Heltwerd", 3) that is, a theurer und köstlicher oder seltener Held, or "hold und werd", Holdwerdus, nowadays one says "holdselig".
Digobertus, "Tugewerd". "To lie" is: to be of value, to be worth something, to be useful; hence "Tügent", virtus, bravery, honorable deed. Thus one says: "He did me all virtue and honor," that is, he did me all good deeds and service.
Fulbertus, that is, "Wolwerd", Wolwerdus, in the same emphatic composition: digne dignus, chare charus.
Aripertus, a king of the Lombards, that is, "Ehrewerd", honored and theuer, worthy of honor, Honorius.
"Liebenwerd," that is, "lieb und werd," as in
2) In our template: "Segeman".
3) In the original: "Heltwer".
"Liebhold, Rathülf, Hatthülf" in German composition.
"Werd", that is, theuer, hence the names of the towns "Dunawerd" [Donauwerth] and "Werd" [Wörth].
It is also used in the feminine: "Wolwerd"; "Walprecht, Walpurg" is quite corrupted. [Greek] Eucharia, [Latin] Gratiosa, Venus, Venusta.
Gunibertus is a corrupt name, but it means something very good. For it is "Künewerd", that is, bold or strong and at the same time worthy, who is outwardly strong and worthy of Hanse, and who thrives in war and in peace. And it is "Kün" (long spoken and with a Dutch u) and 1) "Werd" with each other connected so much as strong and werth.
Humbertus, that is, "Unwerd", not theuer. There is a noble lineage of this name, and it seems as if one took this name out of humility, as if one wanted to say: Do not strive for high things. It is better to be despised in a low place than to want to appear worthy through tragic honor. And perhaps Kunibertus is the same, in that according to the Dutch way K and H 2) are interchanged with each other.
Sigisbertus, that is, "Siegwerd", that is, you shall be victor and at the same time werth. Because the victory makes impudent people, but the kindness of the victor makes a Siegwerd.
"Symprecht," Symphorianus. Oh, how many and arbitrary corruptions we encounter, since it is the same as "Siegebert", putting m for g.
Lampertus, that is, "lange und werd", which is long worth, because the benefits are quickly consigned to oblivion, and rarely, or rather never, is a Langewerd found, which is long pleasant.
Robertus, "Ruprecht", both are corrupted. But it must be called "Ratwerd", since he is supposed to be "Rat und werd", who is able and worth something through counsel, just as "Tugewerd" is able and worth something through action. For good counselors rarely remain valuable, that is, in truth "Ratwerdi".
1) In our prelims: and" instead of: and.
2) In our template: "L. 6. H", for which we have adopted L. L U.
All names ending in rat are German.
"Council" with t is ambiguous. First, used only as singular, it means a council, for one does not say "the council" in the plural, consilia. Hence comes Rathaus, 3) "Ratherrn," the council building, the seuators, the place where the senate meets. Second, it means the councilors themselves, hence in the plural "the council" with an Italian a or a double-sounding e [which is ä]. Third, it denotes a success, a well-being, when the syllable "ge" is added 4). Hence, "advised, unadvised, wolgeraten." But it is clear that this is derived from "advice". There is also a word "wheel" with d, in the plural "wheels", namely rota, rotae, but this does not belong here. Thus one says therefore:
"Gebhard", more properly "Gebrat", with pure e, one capable of giving counsel, a counselor.
"Volratt", "Wolrat", who probably gives advice, who has good advice, Eubulus. But if you want, you can say: "Wolrat", that is, "Wolgerat", Fortunatus, Felix, Prosper, but I don't like that.
Conrat, "Künrat", with sharp emphasis on the first syllable and a Dutch u, who is able to do something with Rath, who knows Rath, Prudens, Prudentius. This name is also shortened and is then called: "Kurt, Kuntz, Küntzlin, Küntzel". In these, the letter u indicates that one should also say: "Kunrat", with u and not with o. "Künnen" is to know or to be strong in knowledge.
Burckardus, "Burgrat", the council of a castle, a city. For the cities were called "castle" and the inhabitants Burgenses and still today "citizens".
"Eberhard", more correctly "Ober-Rat", the highest council, proconsul.
Ricardus, Ricardis, "Reichrat, Ricrat", or, from wealth, as it were a rich council, or more correctly: "Rekrat", council among the giants, the noble, the heroes, because "Recke" means the noble, great, heroes, strong men, giants. Such a one seems to be called "war council" nowadays.
3) "Town hall" put by us instead of Rutüus in our template. - Right from it ssnueulum is drawn incorrectly to the following.
Oldradus is clear in itself that it is "Altrat", or in Saxon "Oltrat", an old councilor or the senate, and he is perhaps called so in contrast to youthful councilors who overthrow the communities by their inexperience and foolishness. Otherwise, nowadays, "old council, new council" is the name given to those who succeed each other by annual change in the office of authority.
Eckhardus, "Eckart", but according to my opinion "Hegerat" from "hegen", as above, the one who keeps, who guards wisely and carefully. And he who is called Odoacer by the Welsh is "Hettheger". Because "Ott" or "Od", as we said, is Hatto, Hetto, so "Hettheger" is the guarding father, who preserves, protects. Therefore "Eck", "Wolfs-Eck" 1) should more correctly be "Hege" ,Hegio, "Hülfshege", the preservation of the help or the help of the preservation. Or if you want "council" to be said of belongings (Fortuna), then "Hege-council" will be the one who preserves what has been acquired. For "Rat" and "Unrat" are said in German when the goods are taken care of well or badly, since thereby, as it were, good or bad care is taken of the household. But the former derivation is better.
Marquardus is exceedingly coarse instead of "Margratt" or "Marcratt" (Markrath], a rath of the land. "Marck" means boundaries. Therefore, this Margratus presides over a certain area, which is determined in its boundaries.
The names ending in hart are German.
Namely, "hard" means strength, "firm, strong".
1. "Volckhart," the strength, support, bearer of the people, [Greek] Demosthenes.
2. "Leenhart", lion strength, who acts there manly and fearlessly. Thus Duke Henry of Brunswick the Lion has been called etc.
3. "Bernhart", bear strength.
4. "Ehrhart", strength of honor or honorable strength, which protects there masculine respectability.
5) "Degenhartz", strength of virtue, namely, he who is steadfast and firm in virtue, who does not allow himself to be swayed or bribed. For
1) In our template: "Eckwolffs Eck".
2) Compare Walch, St. Louis Edition, Vol. XIX, 975, on the word "Unrath.
"Degen" comes from "Dügen", to apply, to be fit, as one says in Saxon: "Er thet my alle Ehre und Dügent", that is, all kinds of good (virtutis) and services he has done me. Because that's where "Dügent" comes from, with a Greek y (otherwise "Tugent"), virtutes. This is the xxxxxxx,3 ) which Cicero
in Latin officium.
"Reinhart", maybe "Nugenhart", peace strength, or "Regenhart".
"Gotthart," God strength, [Hebrew] Gabriel, if you don't want to derive it from "kind," which means ingenium or nature. "Gotthart" would then be "Guttart", bono ingenio, "Gutter nature, pious", in Greek Agathais, Agatha,
Thus, one could also say "Reinart" is of a pure, chaste kind, (Greek] Catharus, Catherin.
"Hoard" is used substantively and comes from the adjective hard; it means firmness. Thus we call God "our stronghold," where the Hebrew calls Him a rock. From there comes "hortig", from good and solid health, healthy, lively.
Several more names.
From is said above, it is "Dötzel" or "Detzel" from the word "Död" with the double sound ö. Because so the Franconians say: "My Död." But "Död" or "Deud" is the name of God, as is said above. Therefore Tottila is "Dödle", "Dötzel", as it were a small God or Deunculus, "Göttlin". As the tt is changed into a double s 4) or z, or the Hebrew (for it must be "Göttlin", or lesser gods, under the true GOtte) 5) the historians call him Taxillo or Tassillo, with even coarse guttural sound.
The same has happened with the name, which must rather be pronounced Hettila or "Höttle", and with one it becomes "Hötzle", "Hötzel". For it is a diminutive of Hatto or Hetto and Hotta; these names are pronounced with omission of the aspi-
3) vt/ceMv stas appropriately put by us instead of oikon in our template and in Walch's old edition.
4) In the original: "äuplex ss".
5) These brackets are set by us.
ration "Otto" and, derived from it, "Oettle", and are still very common today. From it also the royal city in Hungary Buda or "Oven" is geuanut in German "Hetzelsburg", arx Attilae or Hettilae, because Hettila, the king of the Huns, had his royal seat there. But it is Hattela Väterchen, little father, in German "Väterlin".
Carolus or Karolus is without doubt the Saxon "Kerle" with double sound e, which those always make into an Italian a. But "Kerle" is a man of tall stature and large body, as it is written that Carl was the first.
Alphonsus, Alfonsus is very close to the German "Hels uns", if it is not this itself. It means: our help. For (as I said) the Welsh leave out the aspirations and make a out of e.
Arionistus (so Caesar has it), other worse Ariouistus with u, is "Ehrnvest" and is shortened "Ehrnst". But "Ehrnvest" is nowadays a title of the nobility, especially of the knights, because they hold on to respectability and should hold on. Because that is what the word means.
Marobodus, so the Latin have it, but the Germans "Mehrervod", shortened "Mehrvod", long spoken, however the roughly speaking people Oberdeutschlauds it verderbeu in "Vogt". But it is "Mehrer" 1) Major. Therefore one calls still now St. Jacob the Greater "St. Jacob the More". And Moravia we call today "Mehreu", which got this name from this Marobodus, that is from "Mehrervod". But "Vod" comes from "soil", that is, to nurture, to nourish, to raise, as parents nourish their children, and animals their young. Therefore Marobodus is "the Mehrervod", that is, the greater, upper, higher nourisher, who is above the lower Vodis. For so the princes are said to be Vodi, Hetti, Dodi, "Hettlin, Dötzlin", nourishers, fathers, shepherds, gods of the peoples. Therefore also another country is called "Vodland", now corrupted "Voitland" or "Vogtland", perhaps because this country should be administered only by One Vodus.
There is a proper name Bodo, which is just
1) Put by us instead of: Meher, according to what is written in the second following paragraph.
This "vod" is a caretaker, a shepherd, a breadwinner. It is not properly pronounced "messenger", because this means one who brings news.
Marscbalcus. No Naine is more shamefully corrupted by the Guelphs or bad scribes. For it is also that which is called "Mehrer" or Major, and "Stallherr", and is called a master of the horsemen thereof, that he has to govern the horsemen. And one should have spoken and written "Mehrstallherr", that is, the greater, upper, highest Rittmeister. This is nowadays the title of the Duke and Churfürst of Saxony. And if this word had not been corrupted, it would not have been necessary to add now, "Ertzmarschalck", but "Mehrstallherr" would have expressed what "Ertz" or Archi means, since it denotes the highest master of the cavalry.
Lotharius. Caesar calls him Lutherius or Lutherus. It is "Luther" still today a common name in Germany, especially in Saxony. But it means a lord or ruler of the people. For "Lüde" means (as I have said) in Saxon people; "Her" 2) Herum or dominum. But Caesar, as I have said above, is wont to change d into t, if it be not for the sake of the following aspiration, or for other causes. Therefore, also here is a Dutch u or a Pythagorean y. Then th is the tender and soft d. Finally, the Saxons to this day call that very good emperor Lotharius "Keyser Lydher" or "Ludher". If a Swabian heard this pronounced, he would make it "Lidher", because they like to make a Latin i out of the Greek /. But Caesar, since he actually wanted to make "Ludherum" by the aspiration, was the cause that the coarse talkers afterwards made Lotharius out of it. And nowadays one makes "Lütter", "Lotter" and the like. Hence comes Lotharingia, "Ludheringen", that is Ludher's dwelling, from the grandson of Carl the Great, who is called Lotharius by the historians. Now one says quite roughly "Lottringen".
Amalasuitta,, 3) "Heavenly Witte", heavenly wisdom, from "Witte" or "Witte" and heaven, taught as it were by God. [Greek]
2) In our prelims: Army.
3) In the original: Urania snitta.
Urania, Diana, Theodidacta. Or if you want to derive it from the whiteness of the sky, it will be the serenity (Serena). Because "Witte" is also the white color, the brightness.
Rosemunda, "Rosemund", rosy mouth. This has no doubt.
Theudelina, Dudelina from "Deud", "Düd", "Död", namely little goddess, as Tottila or "Dödle", little god, as said above for "Dietrich". Hence the diminutive is Theudelina, "Düdlin" or "Dybelina", Detzelina, Ditzeline [in Greek) Eusebiola, [Latin] Piuscula, Divula, Divinula.
Frastrada, the wife of Carl the Great, is "Bestrat", the best council; Greek: Aristo- bula.
Francus, Franciscus, [Latin] Liber, Liberius, [Greek] Eleutheros, by shortening (syncopen) or contraction (synaloephen) from "Fry" and "Anck", as it were "Fryanck". "Fry" in Saxon, "Frey" with a.
Swabian double sound is "free", used in an active way (active) 1). "Ancke" is Jüngling, young man, still today a gender name in many families, and "Enckel, Enckle" is still called a young farmer, or the one who rules the plow, so that it is in the day that the Franks were manly people or a young crew, who, for example, since they were servants, have set themselves free through war in an uprising. "The free boys, free journeymen, the free peasants."
Franciscus is in Greek imitation the diminutive, "Frenckel, Frencklin, Frenckle, Frentzle", in German "das Freibüblin", "Freiknäblin". And the French still call "the free will", liberum arbitrium: Vrancum arbitrium.
1) In our original active; in the old translation adjective.