The second section of the fourteenth chapter.

Of the first religious peace concluded after the peace treaty at Nuremberg and confirmed by the emperor at Regensburg.

D. Martin Luther's response to the Elector of Saxony's admonition to him to refrain from harsh writing, especially against Duke George, so that peace would not be prevented. July 29, 1531.

This letter is found in the Wittenberg edition (1569), vol. IX, p. 470; in the Jena edition (1566), vol. V, p. 332; in the Altenburg edition, vol.v, p. 591; in the Leipzig edition, vol. XX, p. 345; in the Erlangen edition, vol. 54, p. 240; and in De Wette, vol. IV, p. 276.

Grace and peace. Most Serene, Highborn Prince, Most Gracious Lord! My dear Lord and friend D. Brück, Chancellor, in E. C. F. G.'s name, that I would henceforth refrain from harsh writing, especially concerning Duke Georgen, as far as it would ever be possible for the sake of my conscience and doctrine, so that the peace and treaty, recently granted by God's grace at Grimme, would not be shattered or prevented.

Now it is true that Duke George has noticeable knots and lumps on my skirt. But so that they may see that I also have a desire for peace, and do not write my evil books out of spite, I will let all this go and have it given away, as long as Duke George also leaves me satisfied from now on and does not cause any new unpleasantness;

also with the reservation, where other papists did not want to keep peace with me, that I may be free to touch them. For I do not mean Duke Georgen by this; only that he does not mean it to me. I have promised this to E. C. F. G. in humble service. Hiemit GOtt befohlen, Amen. Saturday after St. Jacob's Day [July 29] 1531.

E. C. F. G.

subservient

Martinus Luther.

1197 Peace treaty between the Electors of Mainz and the Palatinate, between the protesting estates and the Catholic ones, at Schweinfnrt, April 2-5, 1532.

This document is found in the Eisleben edition, vol. II, p. 303; in the Altenburg, vol. V, p. 1016 and in the Leipzig, vol. XX, p. 367.

When, at the Imperial Diet in Augsburg in 1530, the protesting estates were given a serious, swift farewell, and Prince Joachim of Brandenburg, the first of that name, publicly stated in the Imperial Council that the Imperial Majesty and the Catholic estates were determined to turn their bodies, property and blood to the eradication of the Lutheran doctrine, the protesting estates did their best. Majesty and the Catholic estates were determined to turn their bodies, goods and blood to it, that the Lutheran doctrine should be eradicated: then the protesting estates also thought their best.

and afterwards at Schmalkalden and elsewhere had met for several days, and conferred with each other on a defension, so that they should be attacked and attacked on account of the Gospel. Therefore, since this would give rise to all kinds of noise, discord and disruption in the German lands, the two Electors, Albrecht, Cardinal and Archbishop of Mainz etc., and Count Palatine Ludwig, to the Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Hesse, have issued a decree to the Imperial Majesty of the Holy Roman Empire. Majest. They offered themselves as negotiators and mediators so that peace could be established between the protesting and Catholic estates, and that no estate would have to resort to violence before the other. A day was then set for Schweinfurt, where both Electors, Mainz and Palatinate, appeared in person, as well as Duke Johann Friederich of Saxony and the Landgrave of Hesse's advisors, and the act of peace was performed, as follows.

Der beiden Churfürsten, Mainz und Pfalz, lecture etc.

1. our, Albrecht, Cardinal and Archbishop of Mainz, and Ludwig, Count Palatine etc., both Electors, as approved negotiators, concerns and proposals, how and in what way, in our hope, the disputed religious matters should and would be brought and preserved to a peaceful arrangement; of the Highborn Prince, our dear grandfather and cousin, Duke John Frederick of Saxony, instead of his dear father, also of our grandfather and cousin, the Landgrave of Saxony, and their related princes, counts, lords, and cities, now on this amicable day and action here at Schweinfurt, namely, whether it should be brought to that, as both Electors have requested not to spare all possible diligence, as before.

2. initially, that the Elector of Saxony, his beloved son, Lord John Frederick, also the Landgrave of Hesse, and other of their beloved kinsmen, who have handed themselves over in writings at Augsburg in the Confession and Assension concerning our Christian faith, should not make any further or further innovations about the same Confession and Assension until a future concilium.

3. however, that the aforementioned our dear hosts and cousins, the Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave of Hesse, and their dear relatives,

The church must not be dependent on the Zwinglians or the Anabaptists, nor should they show favor to them. That also some party of the other subjects in matters of faith shall not draw to themselves, nor be subject to maintain, accept, protect and shield.

(4) That our dear neighbors and cousins, the Electors of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hesse, and their kinsmen should refrain from preaching, and from preaching and publicizing, whether by word, printing, writing, or other means, matters concerning the faith, further and more than the Confession and Assension (delivered by them at the Diet of Augsburg) contains. And that neither one nor the other party shall preach, nor procure to be preached, outside their and their fellow subject lands and territories, nor shall either party speak, say or write anything grievous or blasphemous against the other.

(5) As far as the prelates' jurisdiction, customs and ceremonies are concerned, in the lands and dominions of the Dukes of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hesse, and their beloved neighboring lands and dominions, as well as the ecclesiastical estates, on account of which a great deal of unpleasantness has arisen up to now, it is our good pleasure and in accordance with equity that nothing new be done in this respect, but that the matter be conducted by such reasonable means and ways as may be found to be agreeable to the Imperial Majesty and to the peace of all. Majesty and on all sides to be agreeable and conducive to peace.

(6) That also beforehand a common peace between those who persist in the old faith and the above-mentioned princes and chieftains, together with their co-relatives, may be and be maintained on both sides, and that with true friendship and Christian devotion, each one may endeavor and procure as much as is in him, that the concilium, as soon as convenient and possible, may be held for the explanation and discussion of the discords and grievances which are in the faith; to which then the Imperial Majesty will undoubtedly hold her hand. Majesty will undoubtedly hold the hand of her fortune.

7. That also our dear hosts and cousins, the Dukes of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hesse, and their beloved kinsmen, will all and unanimously make every effort to be and serve the German nation for its welfare, security, peace and quiet, and also for the help, protection and preservation of the same; to contribute to the resistance of the Turks, according to the content of the farewell recently established at Augsburg, as they have repeatedly indicated they would do; in the same way, their loved ones and their kinsmen.

The Council of the Holy Roman Emperor, together with the other princes and estates of the empire, and so much more, concerning matters of faith, should observe and comply with the counsels, resolutions and agreements of the imperial diet, which have been made in various times and which will be made in the future.

(8) And if the matters were to take place as reported above, also our dear families and cousins, the Dukes of Saxony, Hesse, and their kinsmen, would obey the Imperial Majesty and the Roman King without opposition. Majesty and the Roman King without opposition, even if any understanding against their Imperial or Royal Majesty or others of the old faith is raised, or others of the old faith, that they will drop them as invalid: we are of the comforting hope that their Imperial and Royal Majesties will also drop all displeasure and ill-will which their Majesty has held against them, put all past matters and grievances into oblivion, and remain their most gracious Emperor and Roman King, and graciously hold them in all their matters.

Delivered Tuesdays in Easter week

[April 2] Anno 1532.

The Protestants' Scripture, in which they request a more detailed explanation of the foregoing presentation.

1. on our friendly dear lords and cousins and most gracious lords, the Electors Mainz and Palatinate, handed over means, we kindly and humbly ask for the following words and articles half further information and explanation.

For first of all we understand these words, which are written in the first article: "And others of their kindred who have entered into the Confession and Assension, handed over in writings at Augsburg" etc., that all of us, the states and cities named below, who have so far entered into the reported Confession and made ourselves divisible, are meant by this, namely:

3. the Elector of Saxony etc. together with Duke Johann Friedrichen, his son, Margrave Georg of Brandenburg, Duke Philipp, Ernst and Franz, brothers and cousins, of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Landgrave Philipp of Hesse, Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt, Gebhard and Albrecht, brothers, counts and lords of Mansfeld. And the cities of Strasbourg, Norimberg, Constance, Ulm, Bibrach, Jßni, Reutlingen, Memmingen, Eßlingen, Lindau, Heilbrunn, Kempten, Weißenburg, Winsheim, Lübeck, Brunswick, Magdeburg, Bremen, Goslar, Eimbeck and Göttingen.

4 Although the Concilii is thought of merely and not further, we nevertheless provide that the free, common, Christian Concilium is meant, of which some previous imperial treaties report, and the contents of which are to be held in one of the places named therein in the German nation.

(5) Thus, the first article has these words: "that no further innovation shall be made about the confession in question until the future council". This is understood by us only from the innovation in doctrine, over the articles, which have been taught and preached by ours until now, by virtue of the Confession, and not from the change of customs and ceremonies with us, which are made, or would like to be made, according to and based on the doctrine mentioned, understood in the Confession.

(6) There is a misunderstanding between us concerning the half-word in the third article, when it is expressed: "that some party shall not draw upon the other subjects in matters of faith, nor shall they be subject to entertain, accept," (2c), whether the article is meant only for the time when they still live under another authority and abstain, or also when they leave the other authorities' lands and have turned or want to turn under someone of our part, it is ecclesiastical order or other, secular people.

In the fourth article are these words: "that the Elector of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hesse, and their kinsmen should refrain from preaching and publicizing, whether by word, printing, writings, or other means, things that affect the faith, further and more than this confession, which is handed down by our part at Augsburg, contains" etc.

Now the Augsburg Confession has been a harmless summa of all the articles that were previously taught, printed, preached, and written in this part. However, this does not include other abuses previously taught and publicized by our people by means of divine Scripture, as well as the information given against these abuses in the enclosed notes, which were issued by the Emperor. Maj. at Augsburg, after the reported Confession had been handed over, on Her Maj.'s commanding inquiry whether we wanted to leave it at the articles of the Confession. Therefore, it is necessary to receive an explanation of the words touched upon, so that misunderstandings do not lead to further confusion.

9 At the end of the same article there are these words: "that no party against the other something abusive-.

or blasphemous things" etc. Now, the well-known doctrine mentioned has been heretical for some time, and ours have been accused of being heretics, and of other blasphemous invectives, and do not understand it otherwise than that it should be avoided henceforth.

In the fifth article, the prelates' jurisdiction, customs and ceremonies, in the Dukes of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hesse, and their related lands and dominions, as well as the ecclesiastical estates, it is proposed: "that the matters be drawn up in such proper ways and means as may be found that they may serve Caif. etc., without it being stated what these proper ways and means might be, so that in the future, if the ecclesiastics or others want to insist on them, and they could not be imposed on this part of their intention, as can easily be considered, no new and further misconduct may arise from it.

(11) After it is mentioned in the sixth article, "that also good common peace shall be kept between those who persist in the old faith and the above-mentioned princes and rulers, together with their co-relatives, doubt arises, in that the words: "so persist in the old faith" are added to the other part; which would have to be heard, if it should have the sense, as otherwise the words almost read, as if we had departed from the old faith, which we nevertheless have on this part; but do so [teach and preach it] as God has proclaimed and preached it to the world through His prophets, and later through His only begotten Son, Jesus Christ, our Savior, and His apostles, [as we] 1) can show and prove in the contents of our Confession and Apology. For to add anything of this or any other form to the Christian and known doctrine and God's Word would be burdensome, and would not at all suit us with God and our conscience.

12 Further, in the reported sixth article, there follow these words: "Let each one, as much as he is concerned, procur that the council be held, as soon as it can be convenient and possible, for the explanation and discussion of the discords and grievances that are in the faith, in which the Imperial Majesty will undoubtedly have a hand. Majesty will undoubtedly hold the hand of her fortune." From this we can not

1) This and the previous addition seemed necessary to us to make sense.

The Council may hear how it is to be understood "that each one, as much as is in him, shall endeavor and procur that the Concilium be kept", since several previous Imperial Treaties already report the same, together with what the Roman Imperial Majesty, our most gracious Lord, especially at the last Imperial Diet at Speier, by Her Majesty's Orators and Commissars, has already said about the Concilium. Our most gracious Lord, especially at the last Imperial Diet at Speier, had her Majesty's orators and commissioners graciously grant and promise this to princes, princes and estates, of which her Majesty was also reminded several times at her Majesty's next Imperial Diet at Augsburg, with further necessary notifications.

After such requested explanation we want to be heard by the Almighty of our need of the done proposals furthermore without reference.

The declaration given by Churpfalz and Mainz on this.

1. our, Albrecht, Cardinal and Archbishop of Mainz etc., and Ludwig, Count Palatine of the Rhine, both Electors and approved negotiators, further report and explanation, on some words and articles in our proposed means, by the Highborn Prince, our dear grandfather and cousin, Mr. Johann Friedrich, Duke of Saxony, on account of his dear father, also the landgravial councils, and others of these matters in doubt, according to a list, therefore sent and handed over to us.

2. initially to the words, incorporated into the first proposed point, of the content that the Elector of Saxony, his beloved son, Duke Johann Friedrich, also Landgrave of Hesse, "and other of their beloved kinsmen, who in the confession and assension, concerning our Christian faith, have handed themselves over in writings at Augsburg" etc., We, the Electors, are concerned that all those who have entered into the above-mentioned confession and assension, and who compare themselves with them, remain in this action, as they have now submitted themselves by name, and that we also insist with Imperial Majesty that all those who have submitted their confession and assension to the Augsburg Confession and Assension remain in this action, as they have now submitted themselves by name, and that we also insist with Imperial Majesty that all those who have submitted their confession and assension to the Augsburg Confession and Assension remain in this action. Majesty that all of them, as they are now indicated to us here in writings, will be conceded in such an agreement, if it wins their progress, and that we want to act with the best diligence.

(3) In response to our uncle and cousin, Duke John Frederick, and his dear relatives' announcement "that in the above-mentioned articles the Concilii is merely thought of" etc., we may well remember what was said before at the Imperial Diet that such a Christian Concilium, as we have

It is our opinion that it should not be held by one nation, but that a settlement must be made with Papal Holiness and other high Christian potentates, each of whom believes to have such a council in the same nation. Therefore, if the matters, in accordance with our submitted proposals, are endured and preserved, we are obliged to apply therefore to the Imperial Majesty with all our best diligence. Maj. with all the best diligence, as we have no doubt that Her Imperial Majesty will be inclined to support the settlement. Maj. will be inclined to promote and help whether such a council, as much as possible, should be held in the near future in German lands or within the borders thereof.

4th And concerning the words in the first article, "that over the reported assension and confession no further innovation should be made", and what for the sake of ceremonies by our dear grandparents and cousins, and their relatives, is indicated next to it, such words, and how it is meant for the sake of ceremonies, is reported, further declared and explained in the article of jurisdiction, ceremonies and spiritual goods.

5 Furthermore, in the third article it is stated "that no party shall take over the other's subjects in matters of faith", etc., such article is set for the constant preservation of unity for the sake of peace, and therefore so. Where, however, special and private persons, out of one party's authority and with the same knowledge and will, want to go to another place, and where they are presented with the appearance of being accepted by the other party, this article is not to be contravened.

6 On the words in the fourth article it is determined "that the Elector of Saxony, Landgrave of Hesse, and in the matter related, shall refrain from preaching, and from preaching and publicizing" etc. The above point has the meaning with us that their loved ones and the others should not preach, teach, write or print any further, because as much as their confession and assension can, according to it and no further etc.

7. to the words of the above-mentioned fourth article, "that neither party shall speak or write anything defamatory or blasphemous against the other" etc. In this it is our opinion, and fairly observed, that neither party shall offend the other with profanity or blasphemy in preaching, writing, printing, or otherwise speaking as may be done, as set forth in the article, and that each authority shall thus earnestly procure to be kept among its own, for the sake of greater peace.

8. on the fifth article, "the prelates' jurisdiction, customs and ceremonies etc. be

appropriate" . Although this article is considered by many estates to be most burdensome, but nevertheless, so that good peace and unity may be preserved until the future Concilio, and as far as the other articles and proposals also take place and are preserved, we are of the comforting hope to obtain this point from Imperial Majesty. Majesty in this way:

9. that, as far as the prelates' jurisdiction, custom and ceremonies are concerned, in the Dukes of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hefsen, and their related lands and dominions, as well as in the ecclesiastical estates, nothing shall be innovated in that which now exists until the next Concilium.

10th And when in the sixth article the words, viz: "etc., we give this report, that such words were used solely for the distinction of the parties, and not to burden anyone with them. Our mind is also not to speak of who is of the old or new faith, but to act in a peaceful manner until the future conciliation. But in the event that our dear grandparents and cousins, and their relatives, should ever find such words burdensome, they shall be provided for, namely: that good common peace be maintained between both parties etc.

(11) When finally doubts arose as to how each should procure 1) that the Concilium be held as soon as convenient, it is to be understood that both parties, in addition to Imperial Majesty and other Estates of the Realm, are to persevere and exert and promote as much as possible that such Concilium be held to the greatest extent possible. Maj. and other estates of the realm, shall persevere, and as much as in them, endeavor and promote that such concilium be held as soon as possible. The undoubted confidence that Imperial Maj. Maj. will not let any lack or default appear in it, as has been done and sought in many ways by Her Majesty.

Delivered Friday in Easter week [April 5] Anno M.D.XXXII.

1198 D. Mart. Luther's cries to the Elector Prince John Frederick not to reject the peace offered. February 12, 1532.

This letter is found in the Wittenberg edition (1569), vol. IX, p. 47IK; in the Jena edition (1566), vol. V, p. 483k; in the Altenburg edition, vol. V, p. 959; in the Leipzig edition, vol.XX, p.362; in the Erlangen edition, vol.54,p.271; in De Wette, vol. IV, p. 337 and (from a manuscript) in the Unsch. Nachr. 1711, p. 16.

1) "procuriren" put by us instead of: "provociren", according to the previous document, No. I, Z6 and No. II, s 12.

1808 Erl. 54,271-274. sec. 2. peace negot. at Nuremberg. No. 1198 W. XVI, 2194-2196. 1809

To the illustrious, highborn prince and lord, Mr. Johann Friedrichen, Duke of Saxony, Landgrave in Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen, my gracious lord.

1. grace and peace in Christ. Sublime, highborn prince, gracious lord! The Chancellor, D. Brück, has sent me the articles that the two Electors of Mainz and Palatinate are to act on by imperial command. Maj. should act on a treaty between these Princes and the Emperor etc., and I have indicated to him my opinion as to how they should be suffered and accepted. Since I believe that God hears our prayer, meets and greets us with grace and peace, and would now like to hear a humble answer, I have not failed to write to His Holiness and to present my humble request.

2. because I must worry that the one article of the king etc. E. F. G. might want to move and seem burdensome, and not without cause, as everyone is now well aware. But, my lord, because E. F. G.'s virtuous deed and resistance to such an unjust election of the king has been widely heard and known to all the world, the king's and everyone's injustice has been punished quite enough, and E. F. G. together with her theologians has been punished enough. F. G. together with her part is sufficiently and abundantly pardoned, I will humbly and for God's sake have asked E. F. G. to let such article go henceforth, to God's praise and honor, and not to let it hinder peace and treaty.

(3) For the F.F.G. himself can well consider that if war should come about, and even if it did, peace would have to be made in the end, because such war cannot be eternal; and then, after such damage and misery, the same peace would perhaps have to be accepted with more annoying and more difficult means than it is now being offered. Moreover, E. F. G. now sees how firmly and surely the cities and alliances hold, that it is nothing else but splendid thoughts and exquisite proposals, which seem almost comforting, because there is no need; but when it comes to a meeting, it all turns to water, and there is no one at home; so then no citizen nor city can be found to ask for peace.

will risk his life and property for the sake of a prince.

4 Such comfort and confidence is dangerous and harmful (not to say unchristian) for the very reason that it teaches and accustoms the heart to rely on human help and counsel. Which. God finally does not suffer, but certainly puts to shame. It is true that the help of men, where God gives it and throws it, is not evil; but to seek it or to rely on it and start something has never been well advised, and never will be.

But now that the emperor, as an authority ordered by God, has so graciously given himself, and so mildly gives free orders to make peace, it is truly not to be regarded otherwise than as if God were offering us his gracious hand. And it is time that we do not let him stretch out his hand in vain, which would make him highly distressed, as he laments in Proverbs 1.

6 So it is also E. F. G. not sorry that the longer the longer the displeasure and resentment of that part grows. He who is not a prince, since more is at stake than in a single person, is easy to defy and expect wars; for he has not much to lose, or at least comes out of the mud more easily than the prince himself, whom he has led into it.

But I have become too clever and talk too much. E. F. G. would graciously give me credit for it. For I do it out of submissive concern and loyalty to E. F. G., as my dear country prince. I hope and trust that E. F. G. will do better than I think. To this end, I will also call upon God's help with earnestness, and faithfully pray for E. F. G.. For it is he who must begin, continue and complete what is to become good. Human thoughts are of no use, says the Psalter. Christ, our light of love and life, be with us forever, amen. Monday after Estomihi [Feb. 12] 1532.

E. F. G.

subservient

Martinus Luther.

1199. Luther's two letters to the Elector John of Saxony concerning the peace treaty.

a. First letter, concerning the action at Schweinfurt. Feb. 1532.

This letter is found in the Wittenberg edition (1569), vol. IX, p. 472; in the Jena edition (1566), vol. V, p. 495; in the Altenburg edition, vol. V, p.960; in the Leipzig edition, vol. XX, p. 363; in the Erlangen edition, vol. 54, p. 269 and in De Wette, vol. IV, p. 335.

To the most illustrious, highborn Prince and Lord, Lord John, Duke of Saxony, Archmarshall and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen, my most gracious Lord.

Grace and peace in Christ our Lord. Most Serene, Highborn Prince, Most Gracious Lord! D. Brück, E. C. F. G. Chancellor, has now again indicated to me the articles, as before, on which the two Electors etc. are to act with E. C. F. G., between Imperial Maj. Maj. and E. C. F. G., and thereupon, on account of E. C. F. G., requests my concern etc.

2 Accordingly, this is my humble concern that such articles are probably reasonable and acceptable. And whether some of them are still obscure or suspicious, I think that if it came to action, everything would be clear and certain. And indeed (as far as I understand myself), it seems to me that the two Electors are in earnest and have the right opinion, since they have received such a broad and free command from the Emperor to act, and have also used Count Palatine Frederick in such a message, so that they indicate that they are interested, and still are.

Because the matter has now come to such a point that nothing would prevent such a treaty and peace, except perhaps the article of the king 2c, my humble request is that E. C. F. G. want to give the same to Christ and let him go. If he is wrongly chosen, then he is fairly atoned for until then.

4 Thus also E. C. F. G. has sufficiently contradicted such injustice, and has shown himself well against it. One must also let this Christian article rule, which is called forgiveness.

of sins. Otherwise, where one blows the nose too hard (says Solomon [Proverbs 30:33]), blood follows, and where one presses for anger, strife ensues. It may well remain in the world that many things are done unjustly, and when they are done, they must remain unchanged, as the law teaches, to prevent greater harm.

(5) And it is also to be highly considered that God offers us such causes for peace, that He perhaps intends to further His Gospel with it and through it, and yet we are guilty of denying and abandoning ourselves as well, where we can praise and promote God's honor, name and word. All of which would be prevented by strife, and perhaps the antagonism would come, so that we, too, would be prevented or deprived of the Gospel through war and strife.

6 Christ our Lord, to whom these things are given in honor, shall again make the C.F.G. glorious, as he promises; so also St. Paul speaks and teaches Romans 12:18, that we Christians, as much as is in us, should keep peace with everyone. This is saying so much, that we should leave our rights for the sake of peace, so that we will not lack it. For peace is more important than justice; indeed, justice is established for the sake of peace.

For, since God is for fei! where the treaty should be hindered for the sake of this article, it must finally follow that a war will result, whether the Emperor remains in the country or not etc. And E. C. F.G. would have to be the cause of such a war without necessity, which would be an unmistakable burden in the conscience, if the remorse would come and bite afterwards, namely: "Why did I not leave my right and accept peace, so that such a great misfortune and misery would not come? And it would happen that the kingdom would be torn apart and given to the Turks, and both the gospel and everything would perish.

8 Thus we also see how there is no loyalty among foreign kings, and how the cities are powerful of their citizens when it comes to a meeting, one has often experienced, and now the Zurichers are a strong example. For I know that God is completely against such alliances.

1812 Erl. 54,271.312 f. Sec. 2 Peace Treatise at Nuremberg. No. 1199 W. XVI, 2199-2201. 1813

and also causes them not to keep, as all the prophets are full of. For they are only human thoughts and actions, made without God's word and command, out of their own foolishness. Therefore, it is not possible that they should keep and not fail in time of need. The Scripture says: "All men are liars," that is, they do not help but fail. And in the land of Egypt Isaiah calls it a broken reed, which passeth through the hand of him that trusteth in it. We have a divine cause, which God alone wants and must preserve, as he has done up to now; human thoughts truly do not do it.

(9) Such my humble concern E. C. F. G. would graciously credit me with; for I also mean well, God knows that, and I hope that I am not speaking out of human shards. The merciful Father enlighten and strengthen E. C. F. G. to do his good will, amen, amen.

E. C. F. G.

subservient

Martinus Luther.

b. Second letter, concerning the peace negotiations at Nuremberg.

June 29, 1532.

This letter is found in the Wittenberg edition (1569), vol. IX, p. 473; in the Jena edition (1566), vol. V, p. 496; in the Altenburg edition, vol. V, p. 971; in the Leipzig edition, vol. XX, p. 364; in the Erlangen edition, vol. 54, p. 312 and in De Wette, vol. I V, p. 382. This letter, as both De Wette and Burkhardt attest, refers to Nuremberg, not as Plan! Ill, 1. 223, to the convent at Schweinfurt.

1. grace and peace in Christ. Most Serene, Highborn Prince, Most Gracious Lord! Here I send the trades to E. C. F. G. again, with our humble concern.

2nd And because I find in all actions that some of ours want to be too wise and certain, and as their words read, want to have an undisputable peace, etc., I truly cannot think otherwise than that these have no desire for peace, or else (which is as much) strive for an impossible peace.

3. for where is ever a contract, right, trade, seal or letter made, established

or erected, since one could not argue against it, or make a hole through it? If we want to take it so exactly and certainly by our own jokes, and do not also trust everything to God in it, and let him rule with us, then nothing good will come of it, and we will go according to Solomon's saying: "He who blows his nose too hard forces blood out, and he who disdains the little does not get the greater.

4 Truly, where Imperial Majesty grants such articles as we are now modifying in the one amendment. Majesty grants such articles as we have now changed in the one addition (to take protection from other persons fleeing to us), then His Imperial Majesty has done enough and will be both guilty and unjust for us. Majesty has done enough, and both blame and displeasure will be ours. For God graciously greets us; if we do not thank Him, we will sin greatly and will not be fortunate.

(5) Accordingly, I most earnestly request that E. C. F. G. write a good, hard letter to ours, and faithfully admonish them to see how much and graciously Imperial Majesty yields to us, which we may well accept with a clear conscience. Maj. yields to us, which we may well accept with a clear conscience. Majesty himself does not want the King's things mixed up, and will not refuse such gracious peace for the sake of a few pointed, precisely sought points; God will (when the main parts proceed with peace) heal and provide for such minor requested deficiencies. They will not divide the purpose, it is not necessary, but enough that one shoots close to it. All our life and deeds, both against God and man (as full of infirmities), must be borne by toleration and forgiveness of sins.

(6) And if we were to be so devout to God and our neighbor, and so pure and whole, we would never be blessed, nor would we ever be at peace with our neighbor. If they sincerely desire peace, they may well accept such pieces (as said). But if they have a desire for discord, then they must have neither our advice nor our consideration. They can easily be wise enough to cause misfortune, but still, that we do not approve of it; they may eat it up, they bring in too much. I for my part

I) "Purpose" --- Centrum of the disc.

Person wants to sincerely thank His Imperial Majesty. Majesty sincerely thank you where His Imperial Majesty grants such articles. Majesty grants such articles.

7 In something deceitful among them, which the moth does not give after all, and which is not my place to create suspicion against His Imperial Majesty. Majesty, much less his Imperial Majesty's opinion. If I am to interpret and judge his imperial majesty's opinion in an unrecognized manner, then I command him who knows, judges and guides all hearts, who will protect me in such a journey and hold me harmless. For this I know for certain, whoever deceives the trusting heart towards God, the love towards his neighbor, deceives himself, and faith and love remain without harm.

8 And if such peace creates nothing more, then this would be a great, mighty fruit, so that the papists, our enemies, would be put down their dread, defiance, throbbing, and pillorying. Which would be a great heartache and torment enough for them.

9 By God, most gracious Lord, I know nothing more to do or say in this matter. If peace and war result from this, above such a gracious command of Imperial Majesty, then we are truly innocent of all the evil that may come from it. Majesty, then we are truly innocent of any evil that may come from it.

God has mercifully heard our poor prayer and gives us peace. May the same dear Father continue to give us a grateful heart, which may recognize, accept and well use such grace, to His praise and honor, Amen. To the same faithful benevolent God I command E. C. F. G. with my little prayer faithfully and diligently. At Wittenberg, on St. Peter's and Paul's Day s29. June] Anno 1532.

E. C. F. G.

subservient

Martinus Luther.

1200: The final peace proposals made by the Protestants to the princely papal negotiators. June 10, 1532.

This document is found in the Eisleben edition, vol. II, p. 309; in the Altenburg, vol. V, p. 1023 and in the Leipzig, vol. XX, p. 375.

1. initially, that the Elector of Saxony, his son Duke Friederich, and his co-relatives, namely Margrave George of Brandenburg, Phi

lipp, Ernst and Franz, brothers and cousins, Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Landgrave Philip of Hesse, Ernst Wolfgang of Anhalt, Gebhard and Albrecht, brothers, Counts of Mansfeld, and the cities of Strasbourg, Nuremberg, Ulm, Constance, Bibrach, Jsni, 1) Reutlingen, Esslingen, Memmingen, Lindau, Heilbronn, Hall in Swabia, Kempten, Weißenburg, Winsheim, Lübeck, Brunswick, Magdeburg, Bremen, Goslar, Eimbeck, Göttingen, Nordhausen and Hamburg, who have committed themselves to the Confession, Assension and Apology, The following are the documents handed over at Augsburg concerning the Confession, Assension and Apology concerning our holy Christian faith: they shall not make any further or other amendments to the same Confession, Assension and Apology, nor any ceremonies contrary or inappropriate to the same Confession and Apology, until a future, common, Christian Concilio, as decided and promised at the first Imperial Diet held at Nuremberg; For the sake of which concilium the Imperial Majesty should be requested to intervene. Majesty should be requested to take care that it is acted upon in German lands. That the above-mentioned Elector of Saxony, together with his son Duke Frederick, and their kinsmen, should use faithful and good diligence to procurate and hold the above-mentioned council.

Secondly, that the Elector of Saxony, his son, Duke Johann Friederich, and the above-mentioned relatives of theirs do not wish to follow or support the Zwinglians and Anabaptists on account of their doctrine and faith, nor to show them any favor or support if they persist in their error, but to renounce them. In the event, however, that they abandon their error and contend with Imperial Majesty and other commoners, they shall be punished. In the event, however, that they abandon their error, and want to settle in faith with the Imperial Majesty and other common estates of the empire, or want to accept the confession and assension of the princes and their followers, as handed over at Augsburg, then they shall be included and comprehended in this confession, which may now be established.

3. that Saxony and its kinsmen, and the other estates of the realm, shall not take any party from the other subjects in matters of faith, nor shall they be subject to entertain, accept, protect or protect against the will of the other. Where, however, special and private or other persons who would not otherwise be subject to arrest on account of their person or goods, or where there would be a free train, and who hold the faith

1) "Isni" set by us (after No. 1187 and 1202) instead of: "Resim".

Those who did not want to or could not stay behind a dominion for a longer period of time (unless they had other causes and faults on them) should not be refused to move away behind another dominion upon their request to the same authorities and with their prior knowledge, including the usual payment, additional tax and other things that they would owe according to local custom, in which no danger would be used. However, Saxony and its kinsmen do not want to have anyone deprived or deprived of their part of their faith and confession by this agreement.

4. the reported Elector of Saxony and his son, and their kinsmen, shall also refrain from preaching, publicizing, or sending out, whether by word, printing, writings, or other means, in matters of faith, further or more than their above-mentioned confession, assension, and apology are capable of, and according to their right, reasonable, Christian understanding. And that neither one nor the other party shall not preach nor procure to preach outside their and their fellow sovereignties and territories, unless one or more princes travel outside their principalities, dominions and territories, and are granted to preach by the authorities of each place. However, if this were to be done, they could then preach for themselves and their own in their inns.

(5) But where it is in campaigns and camps, that, to prevent further trouble and disgust, which might arise from ambiguous doctrine, no more than the holy gospel should be recorded by all parts of the time, badly according to the text, and without any further addition, in a special place, and only for those who are of its appendage. But the holy sacrament of the body and blood of Christ, at any time when their conscience and necessity require it, in and out of their principalities and territories, they and theirs to receive under both forms, also in their inns, as aforesaid, until the future concilio, shall be unimpaired.

6. it is also considered fair, also conducive to peace and unity, that neither party shall reproach the other with speeches, preaching, writing, or in other such ways. However, the preachers may, each as is appropriate and due, correct, punish and attract the vices, sins and unrighteous teachings in general by Christian, moderate instruction, without abuse and scolding.

7 And when the Duke of Saxony together with his relatives in their harmless counterpart

The court has reported in its reports and proposals that people should be elected at times to the Imperial Court of Appeal or to other offices of the Imperial Majesty and the empire. It is considered expedient for a peaceful standstill that the persons who have their loved ones and their dependents ordered and appointed to the Imperial Court of Appeal on their account, or subsequently appointed and ordered, and that they be allowed to continue in their duties in the Imperial Court of Appeal. It is considered to be a peaceful standstill that the persons who have their loved ones and their relatives ordered and appointed by them to the Imperial Court of Appeal, or subsequently appointed and appointed, and are finally used in their business as advocates, procuratores and the like, are not to be shunned, nor suspended from their offices and services, dismissed, or even elected or accepted in circles for this reason.

8 The ecclesiastical jurisdiction of each place in the respective Electorate and Princes of Saxony and their related lands and territories shall remain as it is at present.

(9) Likewise, whether some justification concerning the discord of faith has been made at the Imperial Chamber Court, the Court of Rothweil, the Westphalian Court, or elsewhere. Chamber Court, the Court of Rothweil, the Westphalian Court, the Swabian Confederation, or elsewhere, and whether judgments have been rendered therein, which have not yet come to execution, they shall also be postponed and prorogued until the future Concilio.

(10) Concerning the goods and incomes of the clergy, each one shall keep and keep his own, which he now has and uses, and no one shall be deprived of it by force and affliction from the other.

11. But the dedicated benefits, goods, rents, interest, tithes and dues, which each party, monastery, prelature and monasteries in the other's principality, country, dominions, authorities and territories, would have fallen, shall be transferred unrestricted, unbidden and without any remedy, as it would have been in the mentioned monasteries, prelatures and monasteries on each part, The same shall henceforth also be given and follow, for the sake of religion, in every part, to the places where the said monasteries, prelatures and convents are situated, and to which they have been given and have followed from time immemorial, until further providence in much-determined concilio.

12 However, every prince, sovereign, estate and sovereign of their principality, territory and dominion, on their property, land and property, also tax, tax, 1) rescue, assistance and other authorities and justices, shall be entitled to the same without interruption.

1) Travel?

The provisions of this law shall be completely unbreakable and harmless in respect of the special agreements, settlements or understandings that have been made and established between various princes, rulers and estates for the sake of such or such interest, tithes and estates.

(13) And in order that good common peace and unity, which is the greatest principal of these matters, and which is sought by this negotiation, between the Roman Imperial and Royal Majesty and all the estates of the Roman Empire of the German Nation, may be the more nobly preserved, each estate, regardless of the discord of faith, otherwise in other external and worldly matters, shall first of all obey the Imperial and Royal Majesty in all possible, equitable and deceptive matters, and also each estate of the Empire, as far as it is concerned, shall otherwise hold itself in submissiveness to the Imperial and Royal Majesty in all possible, equitable and deceptive matters. Majesty in all possible, just and deceptive matters, and also each imperial estate, as much as is in it, shall otherwise hold itself against one another with true friendship and Christian devotion, and prove itself capable of and promote everything that can and may serve the German nation for welfare, security, peace and comfort. In particular, the Elector of Saxony and his kinsmen shall, together with the other estates of the empire, show themselves to be helpful and salvageable in resisting and opposing the Turk; in these and other matters of necessity incumbent upon the empire, which do not concern the faith, they shall, in imperial assemblies, compare counsel in a friendly and equitable manner, and what is thus unanimously considered, decided and adopted as good, as has been the custom from time immemorial, shall be complied with by all parts.

(14) By means of the foregoing, a common and good peace shall be established between the Roman Imperial and Royal Majesty and our most gracious Lord and all the estates of the realm, to be maintained by both parts together and against each in particular; one part shall not be violated or adversely affected in any way by this, contrary to the peace of the land, the order of the realm, or the law and equity, for the sake of certain things.

15 And for a good decision, if the matters come to execution as stated above, then the Roman Imperial Majesty, our most gracious Lord, should be asked and induced that her Imperial Majesty, the Holy Roman Emperor, should be granted the power to execute the order. Majesty, our most gracious Lord, should be requested and moved that Her Imperial Majesty be granted the right to issue a decree. Majesty out of imperial clemency. Majesty, out of Imperial clemency, be the more inclined to hear and graciously show himself against all estates, as their rightful lord, in their pending matters and complaints, this peaceful decency, which, for the sake of faith (if it is accepted and preserved, as above-mentioned), by Imperial goodness, and out of his own motion, is to be respected. and by his own motion, nor at anyone's instigation, nor out of whim.

serl. The German government will not create anything against this, and will graciously establish and execute such a peaceful decency, as indicated, in the Empire of the German Nation, and assure it in the best form etc.

Delivered at Nuremberg, 1) Monday after, Bonif. [10. June] Anno 1532.

1201. D. Martin Luther's counsel together with Bugenhagen on the means proposed by the two Electors in the peace treaty at Schweinfurt. May 1532.

The original of this reflection in Luther's manuscript is in the Weimar Archives, LeZ. H, p. 64. 14; from it in De Wette, vol. IV, 372 and in the Erlangen edition, vol. 54, p. 304 with the time determination: "April or May," but Burkhardt assigns it, according to its location in the archive, with certainty to May. Also still in the Eisleben edition, vol. II, p. 307 and in the Leipzig edition, vol. XX, p. 372. We give the text according to De Wette.

From these words in the first article: "and other etc. who would get involved".

(1) We have again diligently moved this article with the words, "and others etc. who would enter into it. And since it is to be considered that it cannot be preserved in the opposite case, we cannot advise that one should argue and thereby overturn the whole act of peace, since one may drop the same addition without burdening one's conscience.

2. to overthrow and abandon what is necessary because of what is unnecessary, which is contrary to God and conscience. Now this is to be considered necessary, if a tolerable peace is offered to us, so that we do not give cause for war.

But that it may be said against it, that this addition cannot be dropped with God and conscience, because thereby the gospel is increased to others. Item, Christians should seek the salvation and welfare of others etc.

4. well is not without, you can use this high

1) Walch, Jnhaltsverzeichniß des 16. Bandes, p. 64, remarks on this that the Leipzig edition has made a mistake by putting "Norimberg" instead of "Schweinfurt". However, the Leipzig edition is correct, because the convention at Schweinfurt already ended in the middle of May. See De Wette, Vol. IV, p. 382.

1820 Erl. 54, 305-307, Sect. 2, Peace Treatise at Nuremberg. No. 1201 f. W. XVI, 2208-2211. 1821

but nevertheless the truth is that we may drop such an addition with God and conscience, for we do not hereby consent that the gospel should be forbidden or increased to others, but seek a temporal peace for ourselves, should not and cannot also rightly force other authorities that they should secure theirs to our liking; therefore we may accept a peace with a good conscience, whether the future ones are already not secured. As Paul says [Rom. 12,18.]: Quantum in nobis est, pacem cum omnibus hominibus habentes, "as much as is in you, you shall keep peace with all men".

(5) Secondly, Christians should seek the salvation and welfare of others as far as they can and rightly can. If, then, we cannot, by kindly seeking and exhorting, obtain that the emperor should secure his own, we can do no more, and are excused; for we cannot and shall not compel the emperor or other tributary princes to secure theirs. As if a prince asked for two Christians whom another prince wanted to punish, and for the sake of the same prince the one was released, the prince would have to be satisfied and let the other be punished, and yet this prince would have done a good deed by saving the one.

(6) As Abdias received some prophets [1 Kings 18:13], and yet saw that many were slain beside them. It is enough that every prince in his country is an Abdias. This figure has it in all ways with the present case.

Third, we have also sought the salvation of others by allowing us to send preachers to other places. Item, that also the people under other authority may sell etc. This is a great benefit, so that their life and limb is saved.

(8) Fourthly, every Christian is obliged to believe and confess the gospel on his own, as Christ says [Matt. 16:24], "If any man will come after me, let him take up his cross," that is, let him not take up his cross on another.

9. fifth, quod tibi non vis fieri, alteri ne feceris, what you do not want done to you, do not do to others. Now

no authority of this part wanted other tributary princes to force them to do what they wanted with their subjects.

(10) And I hold that it is clearly decided in every Christian mind that this addition is not to be disputed.

(11) And I am just concerned that it may be a challenge to some who may seek something else in it; as we humans may easily be challenged and deceived by ourselves, for the old Adam is not entirely dead in us. I cannot put my confidence in the danger of bloodshed and other great harm to Christianity, which must follow if a noise were to result. For be it what it may, right doctrine is lost in such desolate, atrociousness. Therefore, be careful not to drop the main and necessary part because of the unnecessary.

12 It is possible to cavirate something from the Concilio; so it is cavirated sufficiently without doubt by these words: "A free, Christian Concilium. If the words do not help, the addition "according to the pure word of God" etc. will not help either. For if the nations conclude against us, they will nevertheless want to have the glory that they speak according to the pure Word of God etc.

Do not see and do too much for him. Qui nimium emungit, elicit sanguinem; he who wants too much gets too little.

Martinus Luther, v.

Johannes Bugenhagius, Pomeranus.

1202 Nuremberg First Religious Peace, given July 23, 1532.

This document was published separately in 1532 and is subsequently printed in Latin in Dumont's oorp. eiplona, ioM. IV, pari. II, p.87 and in Goldast's oonst. imp., part. II, p. 172. German in Hortleder, "von den Ursachen" etc., tom. I, lib. I, onp. 20, p. 67; in Lehmann's not. pn6. roliA., lib. I, oap. I, and in Lünig's ReichsArchiv, pnrt. M". oont. I, p. 389. This writing is reprinted in Walch's old edition in No. 1252 of the 17th volume, Col. 38-46. We have omitted it there.

By the Grace of God, we Albrecht, of the Holy Roman Church, of the title of Sancti Petri ad vincula Priest-Cardinal, and Legate by birth, at

Mainz and Magdeburg Archbishop, Archchancellor and Primate in Germania, Administrator of Halberstadt, Margrave of Brandenburg etc., and Ludwig, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Archduke of the Holy Roman Empire, both Electors, publicly confess and declare with this present farewell.

1. when between the most noble prince and lord, lord Carln, Roman emperor, at all times Mehrern of the empire etc., our most gracious lord, on the one hand, and the highborn princes, our dear cousins and elders, Mr. Johannsen, dukes of Saxony, electors, and duke Johann Friedrichen, his dear son; Mr. Georgen, margraves of Brandenburg; Mr. Philipp, Ernsten and Franzen, brothers and cousins, dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg; prince Wolfgangen zu Anhalt; Gebharden and Albrechten, counts of Mansfeld; and the cities of Strasbourg, Nuremberg, Constance, Ulm, Bibrach, Isni, Reutlingen, Esslingen, Memmingen, Lindau, Heilbronn, Hall in Swabia, Kempten, Weißenburg, Winsheim, Lübeck, Brunswick, Magdeburg, Bremen, Goslar, Eimbeck, Göttingen, Nordhausen and Hamburg, For this reason, at the imperial congresses held beforehand, various actions were taken and sought as to how one might come to an equitable settlement of such errors and misunderstandings, but this has not yet happened.

(2) And so, for the preservation of unity and peace in the Holy Empire, and especially so that the common enemy of Christendom, the Turk, may be met the more nobly, and his cruel tyrannical actions against the Christian blood, and especially the German nation, may be averted, we shall strike at the matter in a completely submissive, faithful, good opinion, and, upon Imperial Majesty's gracious permission, also upon Her Imperial Majesty's permission. Maj.'s gracious permission, also to Her Imperial Majesty. Majesty's authority, instruction and order sent to us for this purpose, and our grandparents and cousins, and their relatives, with the aforementioned consent, initially at Schweinfurt, and subsequently here at Nuremberg, we have cultivated manifold kind actions.

Since the matter of faith could not be brought to a settlement by various means, we have reasoned that the tyrannical, cruel authorities of the Turk should not be resisted in any way, for if a lasting, common peace were to be established in the Holy Roman Empire, then we would most humbly request and ask Her Majesty for it.

4. that on such our practiced sub

The following is a request and petition to the Holy Roman Emperor, Maj. Maj, our most gracious Lord, the supreme head in the Holy Roman Empire, out of special affection and desire, so to her Maj. and all the estates of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, ecclesiastical and secular, until a common, free, Christian concilio, as decided at Nuremberg at the Imperial Diet, or in such a way that it would not have its continuation until the common estates of the Empire would be called and described again in an appropriate place; as is then understood in a special article, thus:

5. That in the meantime of the same concilio, or that the estates, as now reported, come back to each other and are advised otherwise, no one offend the other of the faith or otherwise of any other cause, war, 1) not threaten, nor some castles, cities, markets, fortifications, villages, farms or hamlets descend, or without the will of the other with mighty deeds freely take, or dangerously damage them with fire or other ways in such a way, nor give them any advice, help or other assistance, nor knowingly and dangerously harbor them, house them, etch them, water them, contain them or tolerate them, but each one should treat the other with true friendship and Christian love.

6. which now mentioned common peace the kais. Maj. will proclaim and announce to all the estates of the Holy Empire, and will order them to keep it at the same heavy, considerable penalty, and will also use its gracious diligence to have the above-mentioned council advertised and publicized within half a year, and then held within a year; and in the event that this is not achieved, that the common estates of the realm then be summoned and described to each other again at a convenient venue to deliberate what is to be done and acted upon for the sake of the aforementioned council and other necessary matters.

7 To this end, the Roman Emperor, Maj. Majesty, for the greater and permanent preservation of the aforementioned common peace, has graciously granted and promised that Her Majesty will cease all justifications in matters concerning the faith, which have been started by Her Majesty's Fiscal and others against the Elector of Saxony and her relatives, or which may still be started, until such time as Her Majesty's Fiscal and others are able to do so. Fiscal and others against the Elector of Saxony and her dependents, or may yet be commenced, will cease until

1) "bekriegen" put by us instead of: "betriegen". The former is found in the parallel passage of the Imperial Mandate, No. 1208, s 3, and in the duplicate of this writing in No. 1252 of the 17th volume.

The Council of the Holy Roman Catholic Church has decided that at the next Concilium, or if the Concilium is not held, the Estates will look into other ways; as the Imperial Majesty will graciously send us an assurance of this by her gracious letter. Majesty will graciously send us an assurance of this, by virtue of her gracious letter, to our hands.

(8) On the other hand, our above-mentioned cousins and neighbors, Saxony, Lüneburg, and those close to them, shall and will steadfastly and firmly maintain such common peace on their part, neither do nor act contrary to it in any way, nor show obedience to Imperial Majesty. Maj. to show submissive and due obedience, also to render and send their due assistance in resisting the Turk, as has been granted and agreed by the common estates, in the same way as they have offered and allowed themselves to be heard in their answer, which they have handed over to us in writing.

9 And after our grandparents and cousins reported in the same their answer of some words in the last Imperial Decree. Majest. Order and Articles, and kindly and humbly requested that we bring their complaint to the Imperial Majesty by means of an appropriate message, and that we use our best endeavors to prevent such complaints. Majesty by means of a skillful message, and to use good diligence to obtain a gracious change therein. To urge and request the same, so that the insurance, as we are sending her Majesty the copy, may also be executed in the most beneficial way and come to our hands; and what is thus obtained from Imperial Majesty, or what is sent to us, may also be sent to us. Majesty, or will arise for answer, that we shall and want to open and make known to our cousin and uncle, the Elector of Saxony, in writings in the most beneficial way. Whatever Her Majesty would grant and forbear, that shall be and remain in force, as if this were understood in this farewell from word to word. In the event, however, that Imperial Majesty If, however, Her Imperial Majesty does not wish to make any further concessions or changes, this agreement shall nevertheless be and remain in force, and its contents shall be carried out and complied with, without any extracts and remedies, but without any danger.

(10) And since the Highborn Prince, Mr. Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, our dear cousin and uncle, also had his envoys, namely Johann Feigen von der Liechtenau, Chancellor, Siegmund von Beineburg, Bailiff of the Werra, and Johann Walther, Doctor, at this action, these same envoys have indicated that it would not be at their command to accept this parting; as they have therefore handed over to us their causes and complaints in writings, and have requested that these be opened to the Imperial Majesty in the most submissive manner. Majesty most humbly, which we also therefore declare with

Diligence to do so. And reported embassies have offered against it, to reach this issued action and farewell to mentioned our uncle with the best diligence, the undoubted confidence, his love would let herself be heard on it of her mind.

In witness whereof, we two Electors have hereunto affixed our seals to this letter.

And by the grace of God, we Johann Friederich, instead of and on account of our lord and father, the Elector of Saxony, and ourselves, also on account of our uncle Duke Philip of Brunswick, Franciscus, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg.

And we have messages named after, namely on account of Mr. Georgen, Margrave of Brandenburg, Wolf Christoph von Weißenthau?) Amtmann at Schwabach, and Sebastian Heller, Doctor.

On account of Mr. Ernsten, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Johann von der Wick, Doctor.

On account of Prince Wolfen of Anhalt, Count Gebhardt and Count Albrecht of Mansfeld, Johann Rüel, Doctor.

On behalf of the city of Strasbourg, Jakob Sturm, old city master, and Johann 2) Meyer.

By order of the city of Nuremberg, Bernhard Baumgärtner and Leonhard Schultheiß, and by order of the cities of Hall in Swabia, Heilbronn, Winsheim, and Weißenburg am Nordgau. 3)

By order of Lübeck, Andreas Stolp, Secretarius, with order of those of Hamburg.

Constance, Conrad Zwick and Sebastian Geißberg.

By order of the city of Ulm, Georg Besserer, old mayor, and Hieronymus Schleicher, and the same with order of the city of Ißni.

From the old city of Magdeburg, Leonhard Merz, Doctor and Syndicus.

On behalf of the city of Bremen, Johann von der Wick, Doctor, named above.

By order of the city of Brunswick, Dietrich Preuß, Secretarius, with order of the von Goßlar, Göttingen and Eimbeck.

By reason of the city of Nordhausen, Benedictus Pauli, Doctor.

Bernhard Matzbeck, the city of Esslingen.

The city of Reutlingen, Jost Weiß, mayor, my ass.

By the way of the city of Memmingen, Hans Keller, mayor.

1) In No. 1252: "Wissenthau".

2) In No. 1252: "Jacob".

3) In the old edition: "and Storkau".

By the way of the city of Lindau, Antoni Hünde.

By the way of the city of Bibrach, Christoph Greter, mayor.

By reason of the city of Kempten, Heinrich Seltenhan:

We confess that the above-mentioned agreement has been established and signed with our good will and knowledge, and that we have thus knowingly accepted and approved it for ourselves and our sovereigns and superiors. We therefore agree and undertake for ourselves, our sovereigns and superiors to comply with it and to live by it, and not to do anything contrary to it, in any way.

In witness whereof we, Duke John Frederick, of our fathers and of ourselves, and of the cities and embassies aforesaid, have hereunto affixed our seal, which is given at Nuremberg, Tuesday after the feast of St. Mary Magdalene [July 23], in the year 1532. Nativity 1532 year.

1203. D. Martin Luther's advice and concerns to Elector John of Saxony concerning the peace treaty at Nuremberg. Beginning of May 1532.

The original of this thought can be found in the Weimar Archives, UsZ. H, toi. 64. 14. It was delivered Thursday after Exaudi (May 16) (Burkhardt, p. 205). Printed in the Eisleben edition, vol. II, p. 308; in the Altenburger, vol. V, p. 1021; in the Leipziger, vol. XX, p. 373; in De Wette, vol. IV, p. 369, according to the original, but dated: "In April" and likewise in the Erlanger, vol. 54, p. 301.

1 In the proposals of the Electors, I find little to dispute, for almost all articles have been put in an amicable and mild manner. But since our part has improved several articles, I see nothing to be highly disputed where such a change could not be obtained from the opposite part.

2) And initially, concerning the appendix in the first article, namely: "and others who would join the confession etc.", it is to be noted that this appendix is not to be preserved with the opposite, because if in this peace thus in general all, who still perhaps wanted to accept our doctrine, would also be conscripted, without doubt soon all their people would turn over.

3. for this reason, my advice is not to dispute this appendix in such a way that the whole of the

If you do not want to go this way, the trade of peace will be overturned. For though others may be provoked and moved to accept this doctrine, yet every man is bound to accept and confess the gospel in his own way.

(4) And ours have done enough that they do not forbid or deny the gospel to anyone, or even offer it, and are not guilty of putting themselves on such a road, which does not help others; for what good would it do other cities if ours were overrun and afflicted?

(5) The princes and cities of this part have accepted this doctrine until now with their own accord, and have not been induced to do so by appealing to anyone else for protection or help, nor have they sought to make a pile against the emperor or anyone else. So may also other cities and countries do from now on, which nevertheless have less trouble through this peace, because if the things remained so unsettled.

6 It is also enough that we do not deny the gospel to others, as is clear from these proposals, and it is not our place to force the emperor or other potentates to secure theirs to our liking. For that the emperor secures us is by grace, and is personal privilegium.

(7) We cannot and should not force the emperor to show this mercy to others, but others may dare to do so by the grace of God and hope that they will also obtain peace and security, as we must also hope.

Item 8: In this peace, other cities and private individuals are allowed to receive the gospel. Where the authorities permit, we may send preachers there; but where the authorities do not permit, private individuals nevertheless have this advantage, that they are safe in life and limb, but may sell and move away. Item, if utraque species were permitted in general, the Potestat will have little cause against the laity, and by this admission of the ceremonies our doctrine will also be accepted and spread further, and their masses will come more into apostasy. So have

1828 Erl. 54, 302 ff. 297, Sect. 2 Peace Treatise at Nuremberg. No. 1203 f. W. XVI, 2218-2221. 1829

the others by this peace great benefit, and not hindrance to the Gospel.

(9) Nevertheless, it is fair to consider what it would be considered for if we were to dispute this appendix very much; for it may be considered as if we were working to make other potentates fall away from theirs, and attached ourselves to us, etc. thereby bringing the whole empire from the emperor to us.

(10) And in sum, we cannot justly compel the emperor to secure our favor to his own, who are not our kinsmen.

(11) Therefore, I ask you not to quarrel with this appendix, so that the peaceful action will not be completely overturned.

12 Although in the following articles some changes in the submitted proposals are well and Christianly considered by our part, I find nothing that is particularly hard to dispute. And in particular I ask, as far as temporal matters are concerned, such as the monastery estates and the like, that peace not be disturbed for this reason. For E. F. G. knows that no temporal thing on earth should be held in higher or better esteem than peace.

(13) I find from the dealings that both Electors, Mainz and Palatinate, have truly done enough, and more than I would have hoped, that it is now due to us to thank our Lord God, who greets us so graciously, and to take care that we do not stand in the light for ourselves, and deny such peace. For the elective trade, to my mind, should not be so important to respect that such gracious peace should therefore be cut off.

14 And if it should happen (since God is for it), then I will be excused for my own person, as I have faithfully presented my poor opinion before and until now, if it should come to war for the sake of these things; because I cannot understand how one should throw the whole of Germany into one another for the sake of such things, if one can avoid it by leaving out a small article of the golden bull.

15 For although King Ferdinand has mentioned the contents of the Golden Bull etc., such a sin is not a sin against the Holy Spirit, and we ourselves are also probably more

And may our Lord God (where we want to be proud) in time reveal to us the beam in our eyes all too clearly and with truth, and hide that splinter altogether.

16 Moreover, if it should come to strife and war (since God is for it), it is certain that ten times, even countless times more injustice and misfortune would follow from it for all countries than can now follow if King Ferdinand remains king etc. And who would want to burden himself with so much blood for the sake of such a thing, because it can be avoided without much effort?

Therefore, my heartfelt advice would be to look at this time as an opportunity, and no longer respect a small sin or injustice, because the whole of Germany could follow such a hardness with a great and horrible journey. For it is the true experience and truth, summum jus, summa injuria, sharp right is the highest wrong; but forgiveness of sins is the best right, as we ourselves wanted to have forgiven.

1204. D. Martin Luther's Concerns of Spiritual Goods. Perhaps in April 1532.

The original of this letter is in the Weimar Archives, X, 462, 220.1. Printed in the Eisleben edition, vol. II, p. 313; in the Aktenburger, vol. V, p. 1027; in the Leipziger, vol. XX, p. 379; in De Wette, vol. I V, p. 365 and in the Erlanger, vol. 54, p. 297.

1. This matter is in two parts: the first is about the worship of the clergy, the other, about the goods of the clergy.

2. from the first, if one asks: whether the Elector of Saxony etc. was or still is obliged to re-establish the monasteries or convents.

That the monks and priests kept their former ways in worship, whereupon they have endowed and temporal goods therefore?

Answer 3: Because the Elector of Saxony has reported this in his conscience and is certain that such priesthood and monasticism is an annoying sham against the faith, even a public blasphemy against God and his word, he can in no way reestablish such blasphemy, nor help, nor advise, nor protect it, but is rather obliged to help and advise as much as possible so that it is stopped and ceases. For St. Paul also condemns to death those in Romans 2 who do not resist the loose nature, but let it go as they would like to. So also the spiritual law stands in many places, and commands that abuses should be stopped without delay. And if the Elector helped to do this, or used counsel or protection to ensure that the abuses were restored, he would not only be partially responsible, but would be the guilty party and the source of all the abominations and blasphemies that arose as a result. And summa, this piece has no doubt, as founded in the Scriptures, all rights, reason and conscience.

4. from the other, if one asks: whether the Elector should take care of the estates where the abuses have fallen and are not to be restored? etc.

(5) Answer: Because there is no one in the principality and lands who can or might take such property, it is not only reasonable but also a great necessity that the sovereign take it for himself, so that it is prevented from being stolen, robbed, taken away, or otherwise perishing. Just as he is obligated to take all other uninherited or abandoned estates (where there are no heirs) in the principality, as the laws teach.

(6) But if one were to pretend that such goods should be left to other monks of the same order and led out of the country, or that other monks should be placed there, it is said above that no other monks should be placed there, for that would be just as much as helping to reestablish the abuses. Also, where such monks would come in, who would not have to practice their abuses, they would spoil the goods, sell them and kill them.

The last thing they do is to leave and thus leave the estates behind them desolate; all this would be pure thievery and robbery, and the sovereign has the right to prevent it. As all other princes and authorities do now, they let all goods be inventoried etc., and it is right.

7 Yes, they say, the goods are nevertheless the order's own, therefore they should be made to follow the order? This is not true; For the goods are endowed, and not so freely assigned to the order that they may carry them away and take them to another place, but are endowed to the named place and place to remain there, in the opinion that in the same place, and not elsewhere, such goods may be used for worship, And whoever carries or brings them elsewhere is a thief and robber, as he who takes the goods of the founders from this place, and carries them there, where the founders did not intend, and he also has no right to take again from there, nor to carry there.

What is the use of such goods? There is no better answer than to pay attention to the will and opinion of the founders, which has always been no different than that they wanted to give such goods for God's service and glory. Whether they have not been right, it is to be judged according to their will and opinion that they are still needed for the service and honor of God, as there are pastors, preachers, schools, and what more belongs to "God's word and sacrament and pastoral care". And although divine service takes place in all good offices and ministries, which should also be promoted, the above-mentioned offices, namely pastoral care and preaching, schools etc. are the highest, most necessary and most distinguished, which the old princes especially meant with their monasteries and convents, and were initially also kept that way.

9 But whether the sovereign may also keep something for himself from such goods, or give it to others? To speak without hypocrisy, also without deterrence, if the sovereign had spent the largest part on pastoral care and schools, and then needed the rest for secular government (which is also worship, although the lesser of the two), I consider it to be without risk. The same

1832 Erl. 54, LSS-3V1, Sect. 2, Nuremberg Peace Treaty. No. 1204 s. W. XVI, 222S-222S. 1833

For such monasteries and convents were founded not only for the worship of God but also for such people's need before old age, and have been used and enjoyed in convents and monasteries (although under spiritual names) until now, that basically not much has been different with convents and monasteries than with rich hospitals for poor children of great people etc. But that here the measures would be kept, so that the stingy and rich would not have their bellies satisfied with it, and most of the time attention would be paid to the annoyance, so that the gospel would not be defamed and blasphemed, as from a just cause.

10. If this is prevented, I do not want to be conscience-stricken, because all the efforts and expenses that the clergy have been obliged to do up to now, and for which reason they have also received the goods, namely, that he carries out the visitation, fall on the Elector, He has to carry all journeys and costs of the married priests and monks, and of the whole gospel, which costs a lot to carry, protect and handle, and has great care and trouble, and the bishops and princes of none do etc. Is it not a nuisance that popes, bishops, monks have had such goods, and still have them as thieves and robbers, because they do nothing for the Gospel and worship, and now kings and princes steal and take such goods, If kings and princes now steal and take such goods, plus great gifts, and pursue God's service, we should much less count this to the chieftain's chagrin if he keeps some spiritual goods for himself, because he has to bear so many costs and efforts for the sake of the gospel and the poor priests and monks. He is not obliged to do this for nothing and from his own, as Christ says [Matth. 10, 10]: "A worker is worth his wages. St. Ambrose sold chalice and church utensils to release the prisoners. I also respect such work of the prince that he helps, protects and gives space to the gospel and its followers in his principality; for which help, protection and transportation and other efforts and costs Christ will gladly give him a monastery, if he must nevertheless let all the world's monasteries, foundations, kingdoms take his persecutors.

11 This is what I want to say, so that one does not tighten the conscience of the Elector too much with the exhaustion of the spiritual goods, and with silence of the trouble, costs, travel and misfortune, which he must bear for it or besides, but also does not make it too free and wide to give cause and space to the unnecessary annoyance and the blasphemers, with allmoderate and safe distribution of said goods.

1205 D. Martin Luther's concerns about sequestration. Perhaps in October 1) 1532.

The original of this thought can be found in the Weimar Archives, RvZ. X, PNA. 452.220.1 Printed in the Eisleben edition, vol. II, p. 313; in the Altenburg, vol. V, p. 1027; in the Leipzig, vol. XX, p. 379; by De Wette, vol. IV, p. 409 (after the original) and in the Erlangen double, namely vol. 54, 334 and vol. 65, p. 54.

1) About the sequestration to M. G. Herr seliger etc. O. Martinus has raised his concern, thereby he lets it remain for himself; what others improve, he lets go well, and were almost and approximately these pieces: 2)

2. First of all, one should see to it that parishes, church servants, schools, hospitals, common castes and poor students are adequately provided for from the spiritual goods.

What would be left after that, I would not refuse that his C. F. G. would need it for himself for the reimbursement of the inordinate costs, which S. C. F. G. has incurred for the gospel and churches. For S. C. F. G. is not obligated, because church goods are there, to do such from his own and his own, and one is obligated to reimburse him for it by law.

4. that also S. C. F. G. gives something to some poor of the nobility, or also otherwise highly deserving, or to the common building, bridges, ways, footbridges, land fortress, but with a measure, seems to me not to be so wrong, as the nasty canonists juggle; considered.

1) De Wette bases this time determination on the fact that Luther writes to Hausmann on Nov. 6: the sequestration is proceeding strictly.

2) Like the postscript, this entry must also be attributed to Jonas. The reservation itself is said to be in Luther's handwriting.

as pope, bishop and parish priest in the Pabstthum of their friendship have done much and great help from "church goods", and, as I hold, have often done (where it was necessary) without sin.

5 Hereby you may indicate and do to it, how our most gracious 'Lord so far maintained D. Martin and Philipp etc. and let them serve the whole Christian church with writing, reading, preaching, printing, 1) and never received a farthing from any church, but lay on the neck of the prince, who with his own thus had to serve all the world; that, if one wants to calculate sharply, one should probably make the register so large for the splinter judges that they should hardly pay the prince with their sequestration. Therefore, you should diligently show the splinter judges their beams, as they themselves do not give a farthing to the Gospel, nor lend a good word to it, and only want to condemn or sanctify princes and all the world with their spiritless Bachantian rights.

If they wanted to bring all church goods into order, why don't they raise, become beam judges and reform the devil in the papacy? since all the goods are not only stolen from the church, but also persecuted and God is blasphemed with them. Fie on you hostile splinter judges!

Item 7, to be remembered by D. Christian, Chancellor, that he wanted to stop in the sequestration, so that all monks in all monasteries, both dead and alive, both expired and remained, would be held to give back to spiritual goods what they have eaten away and consumed so far as the rotten bellies and blasphemers of the church.

8. item that Duke George, Ferdinand, Bavaria and etc. also reproduce what they enjoyed and used, and still enjoy, of such goods.

Postscript by Doctor Jonas.

That D. Martinus Luther, our dear father, has written this to me in haste, and has especially ordered it to be reported to you, has caused him to hear and to be told by D. Christian's chancellor etc. himself.

1) In the original: "Diener gewest", but crossed out again; "dienen lassen" in the Eisleben edition.

as he urges to keep quite hard to the canons in this case, by which finally should follow weight and affliction of the conscience, when before God or according to the rights of the world this is not everywhere so sinful and highly burdensome, but there are also other defects and sins, which are not so highly exaggerated nor weighed down by canonists; although D. Martin's and all of us like the sequestration quite well.

1206. farewell of the imperial diet at Regensburg Anno 1532 erected.

From Lünig's Imperial Archives, purt. Aon. eont. I, p. 591, but not completely, only as far as it concerns religion.

We Carl the Fifth, by the Grace of God, elected Roman Emperor, at all times Major of the Empire, King in Germania, in Castile, in Arragon, in Legion, in both Sicily, in Jerusalem, in Hungary, in Dalmatia, in Croatia, Navarre, in Granatia, to Tolleten, to Valenz, to Gallicia, Majoricarum, Hispalis, Sardiniae, Cordubae, Corsicae, Murciae, Giennis, Algarbien, Alge- zirae, to Gibraltaris, and the Jnsulen Canariä, also the Insulen Indiarum, and Terrae firmae of the Sea Oceani etc.Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, of Lotterich, of Brabant, of Steyer, of Carinthia and Carniola, of Limburg, of Guelders, of Würtemberg, of Calabria, of Galabria, of Athenarum, of Neo-Patriae; Count of Habsburg, of Flanders, of Tyrol, of Gorizia, of Parsiloni, of Ärthoys, of Burgundy; Count Palatine of Hänigau, of Holland, of Zeeland, of Psiert, of Kyburg, of Namur, of Rosilion, of Ceritan and of Zütphen; Landgrave in Alsace, Margrave of Burggau, of Oristani, of Gotiani; and of the Holy Roman Empire Prince of Swabia, of Catalonia, Asturia etc.Lord of Friesland, of the Wendish Mark, of Portenau, of Biscay, of Molen, of Salins, of Tripoli, and of Mechelen, declare and proclaim manly: Since our mind, opinion and desire have always been above all others, and still are, that we gladly do all that is due to us, our Imperial Highness and Office. We are still inclined to do everything that is due to us, our imperial highness and office, and to do everything of our best and highest fortune that may serve and be fruitful for the welfare, good order, leadership and providence of the Holy Roman Empire, the praiseworthy German nation. For this reason, in these difficult times and times of unavoidable necessity, we, the Holy Roman Empire and the German Nation, are highly and noticeably concerned about public and movable causes, which are also of great importance to our Imperial and Gracious Holy Roman Emperor.

We have decided to hold a general Imperial Diet in Speier, the city of ours and of the Holy Roman Empire, on the fourteenth day of the next month of September, in order to put an end to the confusion and discord of our holy Christian faith, to resist the cruel intentions of the Turks, and to preserve the peace, justice, good police and welfare of the same German nation, and to attend it in person in all ways.

1. However, since between our announcement and the proclamation of the same Diet, so many great troublesome matters have arisen, not only for us and our hereditary kingdoms and lands, but also for the whole of Christendom, the Holy Empire of the German Nation, for the common peace, welfare and so on, and countries, but also the whole of Christendom, the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, for the common peace and welfare, have occurred unawares, and especially manifold reports and newspapers have come in, how the hereditary enemy of our faith and name, the Turk, is in noticeably great armament and readiness, and is finally said to be of the opinion that Christendom, and especially the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, is again to be attacked this summer. For these and other excellent and important reasons, we have been moved to change the above-mentioned Diet of Speier, and to move it to this city of ours and of the Empire, Regensburg, and to schedule it for the nearest possible day of the Three Kings. In order to keep such a Diet beneficial, we have promoted our affairs in the Netherlands so much more, and have set aside great concerns for our hereditary kingdoms and lands, and, at no small expense and inconvenience, have also disposed of ourselves here in person, as soon as possible; We have ordered ourselves, as soon as possible, to put an end to the discord in our holy Christian faith, which has become more and more burdensome, out of our Christian imperial mind, with timely advice, and otherwise to make, establish, resolve and maintain all good unity and peace in the holy empire, in this and other matters, all of which is far from the content of our invitation to this Imperial Diet.

2. at which Imperial Diet we, as well as princes, princes and other estates of the Holy Roman Empire, appeared in good number, in our own person, and some by their embassy, with full power.

(3) Although the discord in our holy Christian faith is now a part of Christian unity, it is not a part of our holy Christian faith.

and the same article, as not being of the least difficulty, should have been taken in hand, discussed and brought to a unanimous Christian understanding and good end, and we respect and fear that, out of such discord, the Turk will undoubtedly take more heart to conquer the Christian kingdom of Hungary, which borders on the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, by the Almighty's decree, to punish us for our sins, the more he will take heart to conquer the Christian kingdom of Hungary, which borders most closely on the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, so that he can continue to inflict murder, arson and tyranny on the Christian blood of the German nation, as happened in the year 1529. This is what happened in the year 1529, and he wants to bring it under his tyrannical power.

4 And if we, also our brother, the Roman King Ferdinand etc., have had more and more news and certain information from various places, how the reported hereditary enemy of our holy Christian name and faith, the Turk, with more and greater force and power than never before, is in constant, diligent armament and the final intention is to invade the above-mentioned Christendom, and has already sent a number of soldiers and ships with all kinds of ammunition up the Danube in large numbers.

5. At this Diet, the envoys of our Archduchy of Austria, as well as of other of our principalities and lands, namely Austria below and above the river Ens, also Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, have informed us, as well as the princes, princes and common estates of the empire, of the high and burdensome, careful and dangerous distress, compulsion and urgency of the Turk in which our lands and subjects stand, the high and arduous, careful and dangerous hardship, compulsion and pressure of the Turk, in which our lands and subjects stand, and that the Turk is approaching them with all his might, are humbly appropriate and acknowledged; which we then graciously heard in the compassion of our imperial mind. Thereupon, the same envoys have humbly appealed to us, as well as to the princes, princes and estates, and asked that we, in consideration of their highest, greatest and most dangerous distress, come to their aid, rescue and protection, and graciously deign to rescue them from such distress.

6 Therefore, at our gracious request and as a courtesy to us, for the above-mentioned reasons, and because the Holy Roman Empire and common Christendom have no more hateful or bloodthirsty enemy than the Turks, the unavoidable necessity of the article of urgent help against the Turks has been taken in hand for the first time.

with the utmost diligence, weighed, considered and advised

7. And so that such a burdensome, pernicious, unforeseen invasion and invasion of the Turk may be averted and prevented from Christendom, the Holy Roman Empire and the German Nation, the princes, rulers and estates have, not only for their own good, but also and above all in honor of God Almighty, and for the preservation of our Christian name and faith, and also for the prevention of such tyrannical behavior on the part of the Turks, have now met here, united and promised us to bring the urgent help, granted at the recently held Imperial Diet in Augsburg, to the time and place reported in our outgoing exhortations and mandates, for the protection of our holy Christian faith, conducive and without delay to the work, to use it against the Turks, as reported; All the contents of the Augsburg Agreement, which the common estates took before them at this Imperial Diet, renewed and again resolved upon, as follows: namely, that such urgent aid to the Turks shall be rendered by all estates together in men and not in money; with this addition: whoever does not intend to render his aid in men, but in other ways, such as these, by which the number of the imperial warriors may be reduced, that he or they shall not live up to this agreement, and that they shall be proceeded against by the treasury for the sake of the street, as stipulated in the Augsburg agreement, against which no freedom or order shall be presented to him or them. However, no estate shall be forbidden to appoint its people to the other, in such a way that the appointed people are nevertheless mustered and reported at the common muster ground, and [by] each district's captain 1) so that it may be known that there is no loss of numbers.

8. And since the high and unavoidable need requires, for the entertainment of the above-mentioned war people, to take good care of the provisions, so that there is no shortage of them, it is considered good that the provisions are ordered, ordered and supplied by the provision masters, but that the excessive and disorderly pre-purchase in such occur and be avoided, but that a free market be kept, as war custom and usage, that also such provisions be left free of duty and toll in all cities, customs and places, all the contents of the article in the Augsburg Treaty be enacted.

1) "Kreises Hauptmann" put by us instead of: "Creishauptmann".

leibt. And that such a thing be used harmlessly in other ways for those who have customs and tolls, also no other danger, under the appearance of this good work, with due punishment. For this purpose, every authority in its territories shall have the understanding that the provisions shall be contributed to this Christian work by the request of the provisionmaster for a considerable penny.

Concilium concerning.

Furthermore, we, also princes, princes and estates, have taken the article concerning the discord of our holy Christian faith as the highest and most noble, in which the salvation of common Christendom and the German nation is best served, before our hands, and have discussed it most faithfully. And if we, also princes, rulers and estates, consider and judge what has happened in the faith and otherwise much evil, from the beginning of the discord until now, we find at first that in the faith many a discord, sect and error, the like of which has never been heard in many hundreds of years, has arisen, which have increased from day to day in such a way and have taken over, where they do not occur in time, that even more and further apostasy of faith and Christian religion is to be feared, and that all discipline, honor and obedience, and other good virtue, in the spiritual and worldly, will fall completely, as until now only men knew and did not know.

2. And although in our absence at previous imperial congresses, namely Nuremberg, Speier, and also most recently in our personal presence at Augsburg, we have been advised of this in all necessity, and nothing has been considered or regarded as more fruitful for the settlement of this serious conflict than that a common Christian concilium be undertaken and announced by papal sanctity, so that such a division of our holy Christian faith may again be brought to good unity and uniform understanding, The Electors, Princes and Estates, recently at Augsburg, have most humbly requested and asked us to promote and decree so much with Papal Holiness that a common Christian council be advertised by their Holiness within six months after the end of the same Augsburg Imperial Diet at the appropriate venue, and that it be started and held in the most favorable manner and at the earliest within a year after such advertisement; which we also, at your most humble request and entreaty, thus accepted and granted to dispose of. And for this reason, we are grateful for the effort, work and diligence we have put into the above-mentioned Imperial Diet at

Augsburg for the sake of religion, in order that the aforementioned Estates' request be satisfied, sent a public person to Papal Holiness and the College of Cardinals with letters and orders to request, entreat and urge that the reported General Council be announced and held. At our request Papal Holiness and the College of Cardinals have sent the Bishop of Tortona, Gubernator of Bolonia, to us to dispose of us together with the Papal Legate Compejo and Bishop of Vason, at the same time Nuncio Apostolico. They have also come to us in the city of Liège, and have indicated to us that Papal Holiness and the Cardinals are willing to indicate and hold the Concilium. But beforehand they reported and indicated to us the points and complaints, on what form and manner, for what causes, at what time and place such a council should be called, so that it should really be held, as is proper. On which points we have considered it necessary to speak and act with the King of France. We have therefore sent a considerable embassy to the same King of France, which has had all kinds of talks with him. And the same king understood the inevitable need of the Concilii. But in the end, the matter remained unresolved, as far as the form and manner of convening the Concilium was concerned, especially for the sake of the place. And as we now see and note that the appointment of the Council is based on these doubts and difficulties, we then considered it good to report this to the Estates at the appointed Imperial Diet at Speier. And when things happened that we would come to papal sanctity after the completion of the same Diet, we then wanted to pursue such a council with the advice of the common estates. However, due to the hindrances that have occurred, as only men know, this has not yet taken place, and has therefore caused this Imperial Diet to be called and held, at which we Princes, Princes and Estates have further announced all this.

We, the princes, princes, and estates, have further investigated the matter, and since we have found that the longer this discord of faith has gone on from one Imperial Diet to the next, the more it has gained the upper hand, and has now grown to the point where the Christian religion and faith in the Empire of the German Nation, as well as peace and unity, will be preserved and the destruction of the entire German Nation will occur.

that this may be done by no nearer, more constant, more certain, and middle way than by a common general council.

Accordingly, princes, princes and estates, and the message of the absentee, have once again most humbly and diligently requested and asked us, in consideration of the great need and danger in which the German nation stands, to once again promote such a council in the most favorable manner with papal holiness.

(5) And if we should not obtain from papal sanctity that the aforementioned council be described and held in German lands, that we should then ex officio make provision for it, which is due to us from our imperial power and which we are obliged to do, and especially in the matter of the aforementioned council, which is of such great necessity. And if such a thing should ever not be obtained, from what hindrance it may happen now or in the future, that we may then hold an assembly together in the Holy Empire, thereby helping the great concerns that exist and increase daily in the German nation, and counteracting the inevitable harm that might otherwise result irreparably:

6. we have considered the above-mentioned estates' diligent request, made to us for this reason, the above-mentioned estates' timely good consideration and counsel, also the great necessity of these matters and what is involved, and the nature and diligence in which the German nation stands because of the discord and repugnance that arises on account of our holy faith. Therefore we, as Roman Christian Emperors, out of special love and desire, so that we bear peace and good unity to the common German nation and the same estates, and especially in consideration of the hindrance in which we now stand, together with the estates of the German nation, for the protection of the same and our holy faith and the common benefit of Christendom, against our common and all Christian enemy, have compared ourselves with the same estates, and they in turn with us, with each other: That we, in accordance with the eager diligence which we had for the sake of the aforementioned Concilii, as it was decided at Augsburg, and also, as the estates sufficiently understood, have applied, want to promote papal sanctity, and do everything eagerly and with good diligence which is in us, so that the same Concilium is held in a convenient place. And that Papal Holiness, the See of Rome, indicate and declare the same, and that in six months, the next day, it be held in the same place.

It is to be announced and then held within a year, and that Papal Holiness will do so. And if it should happen that beyond our possible diligence we should not be able to call and hold the aforementioned General Council in the way and measure described above, for whatever reason, way or hindrance this should happen, be it by whom it will (although we hope that Papal Holiness will do what is due to it, and that for this reason there will be no lack of it), we will in that case call and hold a General Imperial Council, and give the common estates to understand and indicate the reasons why such a general council is thus prevented, so that then, according to the opportunity of the time and the circumstances, and how the circumstances of Christendom then turn out, it may be considered and discussed how such things may be provided for the benefit of our holy faith, be it by calling a general council, or otherwise by other means and acceptable ways, such as are most convenient and considered necessary. And especially for the common necessity of the German nation, so that it may come into good uniform unity, rule and understanding of our holy faith, for some consolation to God and the Mother, our Christian Church, and so that good peace and tranquility may be kept everywhere in the Empire. And in this we want to do what is due and due to a benevolent emperor who is inclined to do good to the German nation, and not let anything happen to us, confident that the estates will also do the same etc.

1207 Roman Imperial Majesty's approval and assurance of the very first religious peace established at Nuremberg in 1532. Given at Regensburg, August 2, 1532.

This document is found in Hortleder, "von den Ursachen des deutschen Kriegs," tom. I, lib. I, oup. 11, p. 70 and in Lünig's Reichs-Archiv, pari. Mn. oont. I., p. 604. In Walch's old edition, it is reprinted in No. 1252 of the 17th volume.

We Carl, by the Grace of God Roman Emperor, at all times Major of the Empire etc., publicly confess and announce with this letter: As we have declared to the most reverend in God Father and Highborn Albrechten, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg; and Ludwig, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria etc., our dear friends, grandparents and Electors, between us and the Elector of Saxony, and

his L. L. son, Georgen, Margrave of Brandenburg etc., and their related counts and cities, to act amicably in the disputed religious matter, graciously consented, by virtue of our authority, instruction and order, to their lords. and thus manifold amicable negotiations were conducted initially at Schweinfurt and subsequently at Nuremberg, and the matter finally came to this, that we, as the supreme head in the Holy Roman Empire, graciously consented to our friends, sovereigns and princes, Mainz and Palatinate, to establish a common and lasting peace between us and all the states of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, until a common, free, Christian concilium is established, as decided at the Imperial Diet in Nuremberg, or if it does not continue until the common estates of the empire are called and described again in an appropriate forum, as will be explained in a special article below.

That in the meantime, or until the estates, as now reported, come to each other again, and are discussed otherwise, no one may feud, wage war, 1) rob, see, overrun, besiege, or not serve the other by himself or someone else on his behalf, nor descend some castles, cities, markets, fortifications, villages, farms or hamlets, or take them without the will of the other with mighty deeds, or dangerously damage them with fire or in other ways, nor give them advice, help, or in any other way aid or abet them, nor knowingly and dangerously harbor them, house them, etch them, water them, contain them, or tolerate them, but each one should mean the other with true friendship and Christian love. What common peace we, the Imperial Majesty, have now reported. Maj, declare and proclaim to all the estates of the Holy Roman Empire, and command them to observe the same severe and considerable penalty, and also to use their gracious diligence to ensure that the above-mentioned concilium is declared and publicized within half a year, and thereafter observed within a year, and in the event that this is not achieved, that the common estates of the realm then be called together again at an appropriate venue and described to deliberate on what should be done and acted upon for the sake of the aforementioned council and other necessary matters.

1) "bekriegen" is used by us instead of "betriegen" according to No. 1208, s 3.

That we therefore graciously grant and promise, for the purpose of the continued and permanent preservation of the aforementioned common peace, that we will provide all justification in matters concerning the faith, which have been started by our Fiscal and others against the Elector of Saxony and his allies, or which may yet be started, until the next Concilium, or, if the Concilium is not held, if the Estates are seen to have other ways of doing so. And if Saxony and its neighbors, in general and in particular, should be justly attacked and complained of by anyone, he or they, having thus justly made, shall abolish and establish such justification made by us, if we were in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, or in our absence by our governor or commanders, who shall have the expressed command thereof from us, in and by virtue of this letter; And if any judge or court shall proceed, act, and adjudge thereon, all and every such thing shall be void, of no effect, and of no dignity, and shall not bind nor obligate the person or persons so proceeded against and adjudged, in any way but peril. In witness etc.

1208 Roman Imperial Majesty's mandate concerning the Nuremberg Religious Peace, or peaceful decency of faith and religion, of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Issued at Regensburg, August 3, 1532.

See No. 1207.

1. we Carl the Fifth etc. hereby convey to all and any sovereigns, princes, ecclesiastical and secular, prelates, counts, barons, knights, servants, captains, bailiffs, governors, stewards, administrators, bailiffs, mayors, judges, councillors, citizens, and otherwise to all our and the realm's subjects and faithful, in whatever dignity or being they may be, and all other of our and the Empire's subjects and faithful, in whatever dignity, status or being they may be, to whom this Imperial Letter or a copy thereof may be seen and read, or shown, our friendship, grace and all good things. High and venerable, highborn, dear friends, nephews, grandfathers, electors and princes, also well-born, honorable, noble, dear, devout and faithful. Because in the Holy Empire of the German Nation there are noticeably great confusions, discord and

The Turkish, who is the inheritor of our holy Christian faith and name, has come to Hungary in his own person with a great power and is willing to attack Austria and other countries of the Holy Roman Empire, especially at this time, when the hereditary enemy of our holy Christian faith and name, the Turk, in his own person, with a great power, comes to Hungary, and is willing to move further on Austria and other German lands, and to bring them under his cruel obedience and power, as for the extermination of our holy Christian faith.

Therefore, for the above-mentioned and other excellent reasons, as the great necessity requires, we are inclined to keep the common German nation in good peace and unity, so that it may be prevented from corruption, damage and harm.

Accordingly, we, as the supreme head, have decreed between all the estates of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, ecclesiastical and secular, in the whole of Christendom, until a common, free, Christian concilio, as decided at the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg, or if this would not have its progress, until the common estates of the Empire, as follows, are called together again in a convenient place and described, to establish a common peace and to have it publicized everywhere in the Empire. As we then know from Roman imperial power and rightful knowledge, this is the reason for the peace. As we hereby, out of Roman imperial authority and right knowledge, establish and publicize such a common peace, in such a way that between the aforementioned concilio, or that the estates, as mentioned above, come to each other again, and through an imperial diet in the matter of religion another agreement is reached, no one may confront the other on the grounds of faith and religion, nor for any other reason, No one may war against, rob, see, invade, besiege, nor serve to do so by himself or anyone else on his behalf, nor descend on a castle, city, market, fortification, villages, farms or hamlets, or without the other's will, take them by violent means, or dangerously damage them with fire or in any other way. Nor shall anyone give such perpetrators advice, help, or in any other way assist or abet them, nor knowingly or dangerously harbor, house, etch, or water them, nor contain or tolerate them,

1) "Market" replaced by "Mark", according to No. 1202, 8 5 and No. 1207.

but each one with the other with right friendship

and chrst. 'cher love is supposed to mean.

We also request that every effort be made and encouraged so that the above-mentioned council may be advertised and publicized within half a year and then held within a year, but in the event that this is not achieved, that the common estates of the realm may then be summoned to one another again at an appropriate venue and described to deliberate on what should be done and acted upon for the sake of the above-mentioned council and other necessary matters.

5 And thereupon we earnestly command all of you, and each of you in particular, by the duties and oaths that you are bound to us and to the holy realm, also the penalties, punishments and fines in our land peace, established at Worms, understood by this letter.

6. And we will and command on behalf of the Holy Roman Empire that you firmly keep such common peace in all its points and articles, as it is expressed from word to word, and that none of you neither deceive nor damage the other, whether of spiritual or temporal standing, but let each one keep the other completely, neither offending nor harming him in any way, so that each one may avoid our and the kingdom's severe disgrace and punishment, as well as the penalty of the aforementioned land peace, into which each one, as often as he commits an unlawful act against it, shall have fallen by the deed. This is what we mean by this letter. Given in our and the Empire's city of Regensburg, the 3rd day of the month of August, Anno Domini 1532.

1209 The so-called Cadauische Maaden Treaty, or the settlement reached at Kaaden 1) in Bohemia, by which King Ferdinand is recognized as king, Würtemberg is left to the reinstated Duke Ulrich, and the observance of the Nuremberg Religious Peace is assured, as well as the cessation of the chamber court proceedings. June 29, 1534.

Made of hoard leather, roru. I, ük. Ill, oux. 13, p. 687.

1) Thus Ungewitter writes the name of the city in his great geographical work. Walch: "Caden"; Guericke, K. G., Ill, 200: "Kadan"; Köstlin, ll, 296: "Cadan"; De Wette, IV, XII: "Kaden"; Seckendorf calls it in the index: Oucknnuni sivs Ouduvlu.

1. we, by the grace of God, Albrecht, of the holy Roman church of the title 8th S. Petri ad vincula priest

Cardinal, Legatus natus, Archbishop of Magdeburg and Mainz, Primate, Archchancellor and Elector etc., and by the same graces, we George, Duke of Saxony, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave in Meissen, confess and declare in this open letter: After, and as between the Most Sublime, Most Great, Highborn Prince and Lord, Lord Ferdinand, Roman King etc., on the one hand, and the Highborn Prince and Lord, Lord John Frederick, Duke of Saxony etc., Archmarshall and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, our friendly dear Lord, uncle, brother and cousin, together with their kinsmen, on the other hand, for some time had some discord and afflictions on account of their Roman Royal Majesty's election as Roman Emperor. Maj.'s election as Roman king, about which the said Elector of Saxony, together with his kinsmen, protested for some aforementioned reasons; also about some disputation and confusion, which, due to the state of peace, recently took place at Nuremberg in the matter of religion, and which was set up by the Roman Royal Highness. Maj., and for the sake of several trials conducted at the Imperial Court of Appeal, the matter has been held undecided, so that it is to the benefit and honor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation for its benefit, honor and welfare, and also for the peace, tranquility and unity of all the Estates of the same, by the gracious permission of the Most Reverend Royal Majesty. Majesty, and also with the permission of our uncle, brothers and cousins, the Elector of Saxony, on account of his and his kinsmen's faithful goodwill, to act amicably in such afflictions.

(2) Just at the same time, when we were engaged in such actions, it happened that the Highborn Princes, Mr Ulrich, Duke of Würtemberg etc., and Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, our beloved grandparents and sons, were subject to invade, capture and conquer the Duchy of Würtemberg, as they had also completely captured and conquered it together with its fortresses, and were also in further undertakings, from which, if such had not occurred, noticeable trouble might have resulted in the Holy Roman Empire. Reich might have resulted, so that we have to give the royal Maj. Maj. (who, in turn, also stood in valiant war armor to counter such evil with action, and to regain the same principality that had been wrested from their Majesty) of their also owed duty, and requested that their Royal Majesty, in view of the present situation, may be granted the right to take the same action again. Maj. will graciously allow us, in view of the present proceedings and complaints, that we, in addition to the errors indicated above, in the same Württemberg matters, also

The German government has decided to seek ways and means by which such intentions can be quenched, the armaments of both sides can be disposed of, and any further troubles that might befall the Empire and the German nation can be prevented. That then Her Royal Majesty will take such submissive measures. Maj., as a gracious, kind Roman King, who considers the honor and welfare of the common Reich to be her Maj.'s own benefit, and our cousin, the Elector of Saxony, in place of and on behalf of the two princes now reported, Würtemberg and Hesse, grants and concedes such amicable negotiations, and we undertake them in the name of God.

(3) And so, for this reason, we spent several days, first at St. Annenberg, and then at Cadau, in the Kingdom of Bohemia, where we, for the benefit of the cause, had been able to contact the Roman Royal Majesty in person, and also the Elector of Saxony, so that his love would finally come there in person. We have finally, by the granting of the Almighty, and with the consent and approval of all parties, resolved all such disputes, confusion, and afflictions in the following opinion, and finally settled and agreed upon them, as follows, and is reported.

First, that the peace and truce recently established at Nuremberg and, as reported above, commanded by the Roman Royal Majesty to be kept by all states, be observed in all ways. The first is that the peace and truce recently established at Nuremberg and commanded by the Roman Royal Majesty to be observed by all the estates, be observed in all ways, and that it be lived up to.

5 And since there has been a misunderstanding, the Royal Majesty has graciously granted that her Royal Highness shall have the power to decide on the matter. Maj. has graciously granted that Her Royal Majesty shall be released from this matter. Maj. shall, by virtue of Imperial Maj. Maj. shall procure that the proceedings at the Imperial Court of Appeal shall be continued. Chamber Court, for the preservation of this state of peace, against those named therein, and also that all proceedings taken so far be actually abolished; all according to the terms of the state of peace established therein.

However, the Sacramentarians, Anabaptists, and all other new un-Christian sects that might be further instigated shall be excluded from this, and shall be unanimously resisted by the Royal Majesty, Electors, Princes, and Estates, and shall not be tolerated or suffered in their lands.

(7) And no part shall overreach or violate the other in the matter of religion, nor shall it deprive the other of its own, with a considerable penalty; namely, if a prince acts contrary to it, with the loss of his churh, and another princely estate or city, with the loss of its regalia, privileges, and fiefs. And such a breaker of the peace shall in fact be put to the sword.

8. and in all matters, each part shall be

The same shall apply to the other in equity and right, and no one shall deprive, deprive, or rape the other of his own without a prior, proper, legal knowledge of it; Nor shall those who may presume to be in this peace or not, and shall by them (in whatever semblance such may be conceived) undertake by deed, be strengthened with any aid or encouragement, either with men, money, or practices, or how else such deed may be present to this peace; all with the above penalty.

9 However, that the suspect of the suspicion be overcome beforehand, by virtue of the established land peace; all of which the Royal Majesty has graciously granted on behalf of the Imperial Majesty and for himself. Majesty and for itself, and has hereby confirmed that it will neither do nor impose anything contrary to this.

(10) It is also agreed and understood that the Elector of Saxony, together with his kinsmen, will recognize the Roman king, as other electors and estates, as a Roman king, as other electors give the title to his majesty, and will refrain from disputing the election matter, and will and will drop it, just as his love for himself and his kinsmen has refrained from it for the time being, and has thereupon recognized the Roman king.

11 On the other hand, the Royal Majesty has consented to obtain from the Imperial Majesty and to obtain from the Princes their part. Majesty, and to request from the princes, who are due to arrive here between Easter and Easter, that these following articles be approved, and then confirmed by the Imperial Majesty in the Golden Bull, and that the same be thereby declared and authenticated.

(12) Namely, that in the future, when a Roman emperor or king is to be elected during the life of a Roman emperor or king, all the princes shall first be summoned together to discuss whether there is sufficient cause, and whether it is beneficial to the realm, to elect a Roman king during the life of a Roman emperor or king? And if they agree that then, and not before, the electors shall be required by virtue of the bull of gold to make a royal election, and to proceed to the election, and the same bull of gold shall be unalterably observed in all things. And what in the case would be done differently and would take place, that the same shall be null and void, and shall be passed by a decree irritans of the emperor.

(13) And herewith all ill-will and displeasure, which all parties have felt against each other, and which the Imperial and Royal Majesty in disgrace or other estates of both countries have caused. Majesty in disgrace, or otherwise by other estates of both.

on the other hand, shall not be punished in bad faith, nor shall they be emulated 1). In the event, however, that such aforementioned articles are not approved or resolved upon by the majority of the Electors between now and then, and are permitted and confirmed by the Imperial Majesty, then the Elector of Saxony together with his co-assignees shall be entitled to the same. Majesty, then the Elector of Saxony, together with his co-relatives, shall again be free by royal choice or title, and his right shall be reserved to him, and the Royal Majesty shall not be obliged in any way, within or without rights, to remedy this, and nevertheless one part shall be content with equality and justice against the other.

14 Because the person to be elected Roman king is not of the German language or tongue, whether two or three or more Roman kings are to be elected from one house in succession: therefore the princes shall compare and unite internally before a certain time, and this shall be decreed in their union.

15 In the same way, the Elector of Saxony and his minor brothers shall be granted their fiefs and regalia in the period mentioned above.

(16) The Royal Majesty also wishes to make the highest and most faithful request to the Imperial Majesty that the Treaty of the Elector of Saxony in Jülich and Eleven be signed by her Imperial Majesty. Majesty that the treaty of the Elector of Saxony in Jülich and Eleve be confirmed by their Imperial Majesty. Majesty be confirmed.

17 However, as far as the war and capture of the Principality of Würtemberg is concerned, it has been agreed and agreed: after the Royal Majesty has been graciously and kindly enfeoffed with the Principality of Würtemberg by the Imperial Majesty. Maj. with the Principality of Würtemberg, that the Roman Emperor has granted the title of Duke of Würtemberg. 2) that the Roman Royal Majesty retains the title of Duke of Würtemberg, and that for this purpose the Principality of Würtemberg is an after-feud of the House of Austria, and that the Roman Royal Majesty or his heirs, Archdukes of Austria, are bound, after the departure of Duke Ulrich, to grant the principality to his male heirs as a fiefdom, and that the Dukes of Würtemberg, as often as the case may be, are obliged to receive it from the House of Austria as an after-feud. However, the Holy Roman Empire reserves its sovereignty and justice, as well as the status and voice of Würtemberg in the Empire, as it had before, in the declared dukedom in all ways. In the form that the Royal Maj. Maj. for himself and his male descendants, Archdukes of Austria, against the establishment of this treaty.

1) Instead of "geeifert" it will probably read "geäfert" as in s 29.

2) Instead of "imperial" should probably read "royal".

if the Principality of Würtemberg is granted as an after-feud by Her Royal Majesty or her heirs. Majesty or the same feudal heirs, the Principality of Würtemberg is granted as an after-feud, or the case arises that the Principality of Würtemberg concerned falls to the House of Austria and is received in fief from the Reich by the Royal Majesty as Archduke of Austria or the same feudal heirs. Majesty as Archduke of Austria, or by the same heirs of the feudal estate, would be received and possessed by the realm as a feudal estate, that by the same feudal estate the realm is not deprived of anything, but all servitude, obedience, taxation, and other things, as has been customary for ages, shall be due to the realm from the feudal estate indicated and shall take place.

18. that Duke Ulrich also recognizes, honors and holds the Royal Majesty as Roman King and, like other estates of the realm, shall show himself obediently in such and shall not associate with anyone against the Royal Majesty.

19 His beloved, together with the landgrave, shall and will also cede again that which has been taken in the present conquest of the land from towns, villages, houses, and other things that do not belong to the land, but are the responsibility of other princes, prelates, counts, those of nobility, and others, and let each of them cede again his own, of which he has thus been deprived, and let him possess such goods peacefully.

(20) Also to every one within and without the principality, together with the abbots who have been in the country and who have their special regalia and do not belong to the principality, to remain with their people and subjects in their faith and religion, to follow them also in their pensions and interest, and to leave them unhindered in this, according to the letter and content of the imperial and imperial decree.

(21) The high and low classes, whether ecclesiastical or secular, no one excepted, who are obedient to their royal majesty, shall also be allowed to leave the country or be expelled from it. The same shall apply to those who do not wish to reside in the country, or who do not wish to suffer Duke Ulrich to allow them to sell their goods and to settle in other places of their liking.

22 Similarly, the ecclesiastics and seculars who have not been seated in the principality of Würtemberg, but nevertheless have rent, interest, and validity therein, shall be followed and given the same without hindrance, and they shall be duly assisted over the disobedient and non-observant; however, insofar as from the same places the Würtemberg

their pension, interest and validity are also not inhibited, but follow in the same way.

Furthermore, Duke Ulrich, above mentioned, and his heirs, shall and will release the Roman Royal Majesty from the outstanding balance against Duke Christoph and Count Georgen of Würtemberg by this treaty. Majesty of the outstanding balance against the estates of the Confederation of Swabia, likewise against Duke Christoph and Count Georgen of Würtemberg, by this treaty relieve them of their pension and requirement, free them and hold them harmless. Also, her Majesty's own and borrowed ordnance with its appurtenances, which in the recent transfer of Asperg Castle, shall remain on the same castle, and as it has existed, shall again be delivered and followed.

(24) Whatever other debts there may be on the land of Würtemberg, they shall be paid and made merry or at peace by Duke Ulrich and his heirs without any request that may be made to His Royal Majesty. Maj. shall be paid by Duke Ulrich and his heirs, and they shall be satisfied or put at peace.

(25) But what such debts, outside royal debt, are owed by the royal family? Maj. debt, by the royal Maj. Maj. for their own benefit, and not for the country's need, which exceeds 20,000 florins of principal sum, the said Duke Ulrich shall not be obliged to pay.

26 S. L. shall also and will not relieve anyone of his existing pledge or bond without prior legal recognition; but the article, so obstehet [8 21], considering: "It shall also high and low class" etc., unprecedented.

27 If, however, a pension or service money is prescribed by grace of the King's Majesty, which Duke Ulrich does not pay for servants, he may terminate such pension.

Since there are also several counties, estates and properties in the land of Würtemberg that are in fief from the Crown of Bohemia, Duke Ulrich shall and will receive them from the present Royal Majesty as reigning King of Bohemia. Majesty, as reigning King of Bohemia. And this shall also be done by his heirs in due form and manner.

Item 29: Count Palatine Philip shall also be released from his promise, and other royal councillors and servants. Maj. councillors and servants, of the duty and vow made to Duke Ulrich and the Landgrave in the surrender of Hohen-Asperg, shall be released without payment, nor shall they be punished or punished for what they have lost.

30 And so then the Elector of Saxony, above-mentioned, in place of and by authority of Würtemberg and Hesse etc., has presently approved and granted all these copied articles, and has also promised that Duke Ulrich shall execute all the same of their contents for himself and his heirs, and to

hold, provided with letter and seal conducive

and should prescribe.

(31) That both reported princes, Wuerttemberg and Hesse, also have their warriors disbanded without seizure and rape of Imperial and Royal Majesty. Maj. and the other estates of the empire.

32 On the other hand, we, as negotiators, have humbly requested the Roman Royal Majesty that Her Majesty grant him, Duke Ulrich, his son and their legitimate male heirs. Maj. that Her Majesty has granted, for the sake of our intercession, that the land of Würtemberg shall be and remain quietly granted to him, Duke Ulrich, his son and their legitimate male heirs, against the conditions as mentioned above, unhindered by Her Maj. or the same heirs.

33) That also her Roman Royal Majesty will grant him and the Landgrave a considerable day. Majesty, upon their request, which they are to make to Her Majesty between now and Invocavit, in the future, the more promptly, want to schedule a considerable day at the appropriate place, and then, upon their submissive request and self-request, graciously forgive them, in their own person, or by their considerable stately embassy, with willing and submissive footfalls, the past action, and thereby reaffirm this established peace.

34. on the other hand, their two Lords are obedient to this, nor do theirs allow themselves to be used or attacked against Imperial and Royal Majesty and the Estates of the Realm. Maj. and the Estates of the Realm, nor will they allow themselves to be used for any offensive action or attack.

35 Then Duke Ulrich shall also, on the same day, follow the fief of the land of Würtemberg, as mentioned above, in his own person, as is customary, and shall receive and be enfeoffed with it by the Royal Majesty. Maj. and be enfeoffed with it.

36 His Royal Majesty will also diligently request 1) that the Maj. diligently requests 1) that Imperial Maj. Maj. will also graciously pardon the past action of the two Princes of Würtemberg and Hesse etc. and confirm this treaty.

37 And when Her Imperial Majesty comes to the German Nation, then Duke Ulrich and the Landgrave shall and will Maj. enters the German Nation, then Duke Ulrich and the Landgrave shall and will do a subservient personal fall to Her Maj. and also apologize for past actions of Her Maj.

(38) All those who have served, aided and abetted both parties in this feud are hereby released from their worries; those who are still caught in this plot are also to be given free and released on an ordinary vow and promise not to leave the prison, and those who are still in prison are to be released from their worries.

1) "solicited" is either: work or: request.

The two parties shall neither be harmed nor punished in body or goods. And by this treaty all war expenses, expired to both parts, shall herewith be completely cancelled, and neither part shall make any claim against the other for this reason.

39 All these above-mentioned articles, as reported word for word with their appendices, the Royal Majesty has graciously granted upon such our action and submissive request also the Elector of Saxony for himself and his kinsmen in matters of religion and election. Maj. has graciously granted, accepted and promised to comply with all of them and each of them for themselves, their relatives and principals, on such our action and subservient request, also the Elector of Saxony for himself and his kinsmen, in religion and electoral matters, also on account of and by authority of the many-named two Princes of Würtemberg and Hesse.

40 And we Ferdinand, by the grace of God Roman King, confess for ourselves and our descendants and heirs that this treaty has been established and executed with our gracious forbearance, knowledge, will and full word by the above-mentioned merchants, which we also hereby give our consent to.

41 We also speak and promise by our royal true words to comply and live up to them unwaveringly; we also hereby confirm and ratify everything that is required of us to confirm.

42. in the same way, by the grace of God, we Johann Friederich, Duke in Saxony etc., Elector, and hereby declare on behalf of ourselves, all our kinsmen in religion and electoral matters, and also by special authority of Duke Ulrich of Würtemberg and Landgrave Philip of Hesse, that we have approved and accepted all these above-mentioned articles with their appendices for ourselves, the same our kinsmen and our plenipotentiaries. We hereby recognize and honor the same for Roman King (with the modesty as the reported Article 13], beginning: "In the event, however", contains and is capable of).

43 We also agree and pledge, by our princely loyalty and true words, to comply with all of the same articles as those stipulated above, and to ensure that this is followed and lived by all of our relatives in the above matters.

44 And after these rewritten articles have been proposed by us, the merchants, in this matter and have been in action, namely so that the war people, so much baß getrenntet, so Würtemberg and Hesse have nowunder with each other.

1) that both of their loved ones shall do the royal majesty a considerable military service; in such a way that they, in her majesty's name, send 1500 equipped horses and 3000 good servants, with necessary artillery, to the city of Münster. In such a way that they, in their Majesty's name, send 1500 equipped horses and 3000 good servants, with necessary artillery, before Münster, help the bishop to conquer this city in the name and by order of the Imperial Majesty. Majesty, help the bishop to conquer it, and that the same cavalrymen and servants shall be related to the royal majesty and shall obey the same command.

45 And if the necessity before Münster would require, so that the city is not conquered before the time, for three months on the same of both princes costs and presentation be maintained. Item, after the royal majesty has previously had a share in the castle Hohentwiel, situated in Hegau, that against the manifold of her majesty's gracious indulgence, which she did to the duke of Würtemberg in this action, the remaining duke Ulrich's share in it, with all appurtenances, will be hereditarily pursued and delivered. Item, that Duke Ulrich's husband shall remain quiet of her deportation, which she has had in the country up to now.

46 That the common landscape of Würtemberg should also insure the above-mentioned covenanted articles, which Duke Ulrich prescribed for himself and his heirs, for themselves, as much as they are concerned to keep and to live by, in addition to Duke Ulrich's assurance.

47 After the Elector of Saxony had also recalled an article concerning Count Georgen of Würtemberg, in such a way that the latter should be included in the Würtemberg fiefs, the Royal Majesty has not yet been able to decide here on the grounds that Her Majesty's letters concerning the elevation of the land of Würtemberg to a principality, as well as the enfeoffment of Duke Ulrich, have not been kept in hand. Majesty has not yet been able to decide here, on the grounds that Her Majesty did not have the letters concerning the elevation of the state of Würtemberg to a principality, as well as the enfeoffment of Duke Ulrich.

48 Likewise, the said Elector of Saxony also indicates that Würtemberg and Hesse have withdrawn Mr. Dietrich Späten and Mr. Georgen von Straußen in this treaty, which the Royal Majesty, since the whole feud is to be reconciled and otherwise reconciled between all the relatives, and her Majesty has not attracted anyone in it, would not have thought fair.

49 And this time, however, from such narrated articles, further action was taken in such a way that the Elector of Saxony, for the very best of his F. Gn. Councillors to the two Princes mentioned

1) In the old edition: "Liebd, Liebd.", by wrong resolution of "L. L." - Liebden.

and dispatch, with both of their loved ones 1) to the most diligent and faithful, not differently than if the cause of his loved ones itself is concerned, so that the article, listed above [§ 44], approaching: "Namely, so that the war people, so Würtemberg and Hesse" etc., because the same cause can suffer no delay, may be pursued with both of their loved ones 1).

50) And that in the other articles mentioned, because they are not so urgent, the said Elector can send as beneficial as for the sake of his loved ones other their business, dispose of his own person to the said two Princes, or humble them to himself, and with their loved ones^ to the most faithful and diligent act and tractiren should and will, so that they, as they are placed, with their loved ones 1) may also be preserved, for the same time, which the Elector of Saxony, the Royal Prince of Saxony, the Royal Prince of Saxony, the Royal Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, and so on.

1) Here again "Liebden" is duplicated in the old edition.

Majesty's counsel, to his liking, that they be granted, shallicitiren.

51. that for deed and confession, also constant and firm attitude, we the above-named Ferdinand, Roman, Hungarian and Bohemian King etc., for ourselves and our heirs, have one; and we Albrecht, Cardinal, Legate etc., Elector, and Georg, Duke of Saxony, as the merchants, and we Johann Friedrich, Duke of Saxony, Elector, for ourselves and our co-relatives, also in authority of the obbemeldter two Princes of Würtemberg and Hesse, on the other hand, signed this treaty with our own hands, and knowingly affixed our seals thereto.

Which is given at Cadau, on Monday after John Baptist [June 29], after the birth of Christ our Lord in the 1534th year.

George, Duke of gunt, manu propr.

moved to Saxony etc., manu propr. 88t.